12th Grade > Biology
BIOTECHNOLOGY PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES MCQs
Total Questions : 42
| Page 2 of 5 pages
Answer: Option A. -> Taq polymerase
:
A
The polymerase chain reaction is a technique by which small samples of DNA can be quickly amplified. The repeated amplification is achieved by the use of thermostable DNA polymerase, that is Taq polymerase which remain active during the high temperature induced denaturation of double-stranded DNA. Taq polymerase is isolated from the Thermophilus aquaticus, a bacteria that survives in high temperature enviornments such as hot springs.
:
A
The polymerase chain reaction is a technique by which small samples of DNA can be quickly amplified. The repeated amplification is achieved by the use of thermostable DNA polymerase, that is Taq polymerase which remain active during the high temperature induced denaturation of double-stranded DNA. Taq polymerase is isolated from the Thermophilus aquaticus, a bacteria that survives in high temperature enviornments such as hot springs.
Answer: Option B. -> Recombinant DNA technology
:
B
Recombinant DNA technology is the most widely used technique in Biotechnology. The technique involves combining DNA material from two different species. Usually it involves introducing a gene of interest into the genome of an organism. The end result is a transgenic organism that has the desired trait. Recombinat DNA technology can also be used to fuse two genes from the same organism together that normally wouldnt be associated together in nature.
:
B
Recombinant DNA technology is the most widely used technique in Biotechnology. The technique involves combining DNA material from two different species. Usually it involves introducing a gene of interest into the genome of an organism. The end result is a transgenic organism that has the desired trait. Recombinat DNA technology can also be used to fuse two genes from the same organism together that normally wouldnt be associated together in nature.
Answer: Option D. -> Insulin
:
D
Insulin was the first hormone prepared by genetic engineering with E-coli bacterium. Insulin is made of two different chains - one chain of 20 amino acid residues and another chain of 30 amino acid residues. Two different E-coli bacterial cultures were used to produce each of the insulin chain, these were then recovered from the bacteria and separated by β-galactosidase and finally chemically joined in-vitroto make commercially manifactured insulin.
:
D
Insulin was the first hormone prepared by genetic engineering with E-coli bacterium. Insulin is made of two different chains - one chain of 20 amino acid residues and another chain of 30 amino acid residues. Two different E-coli bacterial cultures were used to produce each of the insulin chain, these were then recovered from the bacteria and separated by β-galactosidase and finally chemically joined in-vitroto make commercially manifactured insulin.
Answer: Option C. -> DNA segments bigger than 7 Kbp cannot be inserted
:
C
Since the size of the plasmid has to remain smaller than the cellular DNA, the gene that is intended to be inserted into the plasmid cannot be very large in size. Maximum size permissible in a plasmid vector is 7 Kbp (kilobase pair).
However, there are certain genes that are much longer than 7 kilobase pairs. Plasmids cannot be used when such large genes need to be transferred into a host cell.
:
C
Since the size of the plasmid has to remain smaller than the cellular DNA, the gene that is intended to be inserted into the plasmid cannot be very large in size. Maximum size permissible in a plasmid vector is 7 Kbp (kilobase pair).
However, there are certain genes that are much longer than 7 kilobase pairs. Plasmids cannot be used when such large genes need to be transferred into a host cell.
Answer: Option A. -> True
:
A
Clumping of cells happens when the broth inside the bioreactor has been allowed to settle for a while. All the heavy constituents like particulate nutrients and the cells themselves will settle at the bottom and form clumps. This obstructs all the cells from receiving nutrients and oxygen evenly.
:
A
Clumping of cells happens when the broth inside the bioreactor has been allowed to settle for a while. All the heavy constituents like particulate nutrients and the cells themselves will settle at the bottom and form clumps. This obstructs all the cells from receiving nutrients and oxygen evenly.
Answer: Option D. -> PCR is an exponential reaction
:
D
PCR amplifies DNA exponentially. If there is one strand of DNA available in the beginning, it would get multiplied by 2. In subsequent reactions, the DNA keeps getting doubled. Ergo, the DNA strand increases by the power of 2. For example, if we were to do 32 rounds of PCR, the number of DNA strands would, therefore, be 232, which would go into billions.
:
D
PCR amplifies DNA exponentially. If there is one strand of DNA available in the beginning, it would get multiplied by 2. In subsequent reactions, the DNA keeps getting doubled. Ergo, the DNA strand increases by the power of 2. For example, if we were to do 32 rounds of PCR, the number of DNA strands would, therefore, be 232, which would go into billions.
Answer: Option D. -> i and iii
:
D
Purification is the last step in downstream process where the product is obtained in its purest form.Crystalization and chromatography are two techniques used routinely for purification. Formulation involves developing combinations of the purified product for final usage.
:
D
Purification is the last step in downstream process where the product is obtained in its purest form.Crystalization and chromatography are two techniques used routinely for purification. Formulation involves developing combinations of the purified product for final usage.
Answer: Option B. -> False
:
B
Penicillin is inactivated by the enzyme called penicillinase. The plasmid containing gene for penicillinase is found only in penicillin resistant strains of E. coli. There are other strains of E. coli as well, which are not antibiotic resistant or which contain plasmids with the gene conferring resistance to some other antibiotic like ampicillin or kanamycin.
:
B
Penicillin is inactivated by the enzyme called penicillinase. The plasmid containing gene for penicillinase is found only in penicillin resistant strains of E. coli. There are other strains of E. coli as well, which are not antibiotic resistant or which contain plasmids with the gene conferring resistance to some other antibiotic like ampicillin or kanamycin.
Answer: Option B. -> Exonuclease
:
B
Genetic engineering procedures require various molecular tools such as restriction endonucleases, ligases, reverse transcriptases, vectors and markers. Restriction exonucleases are enzymes that cleave nucleotides from the end of a polynucleotide chain. These enzymes do not have a specific cut site or recognition sequence, hence are not used in normal genetic engineering procedures as they require high specificity.
:
B
Genetic engineering procedures require various molecular tools such as restriction endonucleases, ligases, reverse transcriptases, vectors and markers. Restriction exonucleases are enzymes that cleave nucleotides from the end of a polynucleotide chain. These enzymes do not have a specific cut site or recognition sequence, hence are not used in normal genetic engineering procedures as they require high specificity.
Answer: Option B. -> False
:
B
Chitinase helps in breaking down of chitin, the complex sugar which makes up the cell wall in fungi. It is the substance that is found protecting fungus and certain crustaceans. To break the cell wall of plant cells you need to use cellulase, since cellulose is the major constituent of plant cell wall.
:
B
Chitinase helps in breaking down of chitin, the complex sugar which makes up the cell wall in fungi. It is the substance that is found protecting fungus and certain crustaceans. To break the cell wall of plant cells you need to use cellulase, since cellulose is the major constituent of plant cell wall.
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