Option (c)

Option (a) is wrong because of this line in the passage "Kelly finds reassurance in Hilary Putnam's recent re-thinking of philosophical realism"
Option (b) is wrong because of this line in the passage "This is partly the issue that Thomas Pfau takes up polemically". This indicates that some people/authors were against Pfau's thoughts.
Option (c) does not find support in the passage. Look at the line "But still more questions arise. Does the potential solipsism necessarily inherent in any aesthetic pleasure find a rapport, or a reciprocal production of meaning, with the empirical world? If Romanticism has a grasp  upon the actual that is not merely weak, how do the actual and the pleasure of that aesthetic "grasp" signify to each other?" It looks as if the author doesn’t fully agree with Kelly's thoughts.

Option(b)

Look at these lines from the last paragraph "civil disobedience is a promising variation on a theme that includes the perpetual revolutions" and "Consciously and unconsciously, intentionally and unintentionally, it imagines and cultivates another political context". The question is what is the final outcome of a perpetual revolution. It finally creates a new political context.

So answer (b) is correct.

All the other answer options are the intermediate conclusions and not the final outcome.

The question can be answered directly from the first para.
Answer is option (b).

Option (c)

This question is with reference with the line "When Paine says that the long habit of not thinking a thing wrong creates the superficial impression of its being right, he brings to our attention the fact that the long habit of not thinking a thing wrong makes it unlikely that we will think to change it."

So there are 2 consequences of not thinking a thing wrong –
1) You think you are right
2) You are unlikely to change

Murali thinks his action is legal and he doesn’t want to change.
Only option c) illustrates both the consequences.

Option (c)

The last paragraph that talks about Vawdrey emphasizes the fact that the writer’s work is steeped in greatness and people get to know of only the outer layer, the real personality of the writers comes through only in their work. This is represented only in option (c). Option (a) talks only about one side of the writer’s character and hence cannot be the answer. Option (b) also talks about only one side of the character. Option (d) does not make any sense. Option (c) is the correct answer.

Option (d)

Refer to para 3 where the author feels that the invisibility stems from varied prejudices.

Option (d)

Look at this line in the passage "Drawing the whole world into every act of violence may partly explain why "local" wars and revolutions have escalated into global conflicts. But my point here is to focus on rhetorical strategy in the context of an argument."

The author himself doesn’t want to comment on option (D) .

Every other option is discussed in the passage by the author with examples.

Option (a)

The author doesn’t state anywhere that David walker is a revolutionary. The only thing the author states is "David Walker, writing with Jefferson in mind and partly in response to his Notes on the State of Virginia, followed the same pattern".

Option (c) can be easily inferred from para 1.

Option (b)

The passage mentions that Nabokov escaped the 20th century’s greatest tyrannies which were the Bolshevik upheavals and the Nazi persecution.