Karst topography is a result of the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone, dolomite and gypsum. Caves are formed due to weathering of rock deep underground. Cave or cavern is a natural void and is  a space large enough so that a human can enter. The study of the formation and development of caves is called as Speleogenesis. Most of the formation of caves takes place in limestone rocks by dissolution.

Impact crater is a type of impact landform formed due to collision of astronomical objects. Impact crater is a circular depression formed by the hypervelocity impact of a smaller body. Impact craters should not be confused with landforms like sinkholes, glacial cirques which are different in composition and origin from the impact crater.

Plunge pool or waterfall lake is a deep depression in the stream bed at the base of the waterfall. It is created by the erosional force of the cascading water. They occur at the youthful stage of the river development.

Ox bow lake is a U shaped lake formed when a meander of a river is cut off. This cut off meander creates a free standing water body called Ox bow lake. Resacas are ox bow lakes left by Rio Grande.

Avulsion is the process of rapid abandonment where the river abandons its old river channel and forms a new river channel.

The Bara Lacha la or the Bara La pass is situated on the National Highway in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. It connects Manali and Leh.

Mount St. Helens is an active strato-volcano in Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is well known for its ash explosions and pyroclastic flows.Mt. Vesuvius is a somma-stratovolcano located in Naples, Italy.  It is universally acknowledged to be an extremely dangerous volcano.Mount Krakatoa is a Caldera in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung.

Mesa is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. Mesa is exclusively used to refer to landforms built of flat lying strata.

The Kanto Plain is the largest plain in Japan. It is in the Kanto Region of central Honshu. The plain covers an area of 17000 sq.km. Large number of plateaus form a part of this plain.

Karst landforms are a type of topography formed due to dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone, dolomite and gypsum.Poljes also called as karst fields or karst polje are large flat plains found in karst regions. The word Polje means ‘field’. They are flat floored depression within karst limestone.