Answer: Option A. -> Hercynian period

Answer: Option B. -> Fold mountain

Answer: Option D. -> Horst

Answer: Option C. -> Patagonia

Answer: Option C. -> Earthquakes
Here are some relevant definitions and formulas related to fold mountains and earthquakes:

• Tectonic plates: Large sections of the Earth's lithosphere that move around on the underlying asthenosphere. There are several major tectonic plates, including the North American plate, the Eurasian plate, and the Pacific plate.
• Convergent boundary: A boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving towards each other. This can lead to the formation of mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes.
• Folding: The process by which rock layers are deformed and bent due to compression forces. This is the main process by which fold mountains are formed.
• Fault: A break or crack in the Earth's crust where the rock on one side of the fault has moved relative to the rock on the other side.
• Seismic waves: Waves of energy that travel through the Earth's crust during an earthquake. There are two main types of seismic waves: P-waves (primary waves) and S-waves (secondary waves).
• Richter scale: A logarithmic scale used to measure the magnitude (strength) of an earthquake. The scale ranges from 1 to 10, with each increase in magnitude representing a tenfold increase in the amplitude of the seismic waves.

Earthquakes are the main activity associated with fold mountains for the following reasons:

1. Convergent boundaries, where fold mountains are typically found, are also the locations where the most powerful earthquakes occur. This is because the collision of tectonic plates can generate massive amounts of energy, which is released in the form of seismic waves during an earthquake.
2. The process of folding, which is responsible for the formation of fold mountains, can also create faults in the Earth's crust. These faults can then become the sites of earthquakes when the rock on either side of the fault suddenly moves.
3. Fold mountains themselves can also be affected by earthquakes. The movement of the Earth's crust during an earthquake can cause the folds in the rock to shift or even break, leading to further geological changes in the area.

In conclusion, earthquakes are the main activity associated with fold mountains. The collision of tectonic plates and the resulting processes of folding and faulting create ideal conditions for earthquakes to occur, making these regions some of the most seismically active on the planet.

Answer: Option D. -> They are elevated segment of the earth crust

Answer: Option B. -> Extrusive

Answer: Option A. -> Stratification

Answer: Option C. -> Both

Answer: Option D. -> Basalt