Answer: Option A. ->
:

Each correct answer: 1 Mark
(a) Assam - It has a wet climate.
(b) Kerala - It has a very hot and wet climate.

Answer: Option A. ->
:

Each point: 1 Mark
1. The tropical region generally has a hot climate because of its location around the equator. During hot summers, the temperature may cross 40°C but  these regions usually get plenty of rainfall.
2. An important feature of this region is the tropical rainforests. Tropical rainforests are found in Western Ghats and Assam in India, Southeast Asia, Central America and Central Africa.
3. Because of continuous warmth and rain, this region supports a wide variety of plants and animals like monkeys, apes, gorillas, tigers, elephants, leopards, lizards, snakes, birds and insects.

Answer: Option A. ->
:

Each point: 1 Mark
1. The lion-tailed macaque (also called Beard ape) lives in the rainforests of Western Ghats. This region generally has hot climate and gets plenty of rainfall. The climatic conditions in rainforests are highly suitable for supporting an enormous number and a variety of animals.
2. Its most outstanding feature is the silver-white mane, which surrounds the head from the cheeks down to its chin.
3. It is a good climber and spends a major part of its life on trees.
4. It feeds mainly on fruits. It also eats seeds, young leaves, stems, flowers and buds.
5. This beard ape also searches for insects under the bark of the trees. Since it is able to get sufficient food on the trees, it rarely comes down to the ground.

Answer: Option A. ->
:

Reason: 2 Marks
Example : 1 Mark
Difference from adaptation : 2 Mark
The regular seasonal journey undertaken by many species of animals and birds to escape the harsh and cold conditions of weather is known as migration. Many animals, birds and fish migrate to warmer regions in winter and come back when winter is over. Migration is marked by its annual seasonality.
For example, the Siberian crane migrates to places like Bharatpur in Rajasthan and Sultanpur in Haryana.
The tendency of an animal to develop special features which improve the chances of its survival in the surroundings where it lives is called adaptation, whereas migration is the movement of animals and birds once in a year to a different location for survival.

Answer: Option A. ->
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Each adaptation and explanation: 1 Mark
1. Structural adaptations - These are special body parts of an organism that help them to survive in their natural habitat (e.g., skin colour, shape, and body covering). 

2. Behavioural adaptations - These are special ways in which a particular organism behaves to survive in its natural habitat. A behavioral adaptation is an action that animals carry out to increase their chances of survival and reproduction.
3. Physiological adaptations - These are internal systematic responses to external stimuli in order to help an organism maintain homeostasis.

Answer: Option A. ->
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Each point: 1 Mark
a) The polar regions have an extreme climate. These regions are covered with snow and it is very cold for most part of the year.
b) For six months the sun does not set at the poles while for the other six months the sun does not rise.
c) In winters, the temperature can be as low as –37°C.
 

Answer: Option A. ->
:

Each point: 1 Mark
The various components of weather that can be measured are:
1. Temperature: Temperature of a place can be measured using a thermometer. It indicates how hot or how cold a place is. 
2. Rainfall: The amount of rainfall that a place gets can be measured using a rain gauge.
3. Wind speed and direction: The direction and the speed of wind in a place can be measured using an Anemometer.
4. Humidity: Humidity indicates the amount of water content in the air.
The maximum temperature of the day is recorded in the afternoon, and the minimum temperature is recorded in the early morning.

Answer: Option A. ->
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Each reason: 2 Marks
Example: 1 Mark
Animals of a certain kind are found in a particular climatic condition because every living organism is adapted to live in a particular habitat. Every living thing develops its features according to the area, where it lives.
For example, penguins have thick skin to protect themselves from cold and webbed feet to swim in water. They cannot survive in the hot climate of tropical regions as they have thick skin for protection from cold.

Answer: Option A. -> True
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A

The timings of sunrise and sunset changes throughout the year because the Earth is tilted on its axis, the path of the Sun across the sky varies and therefore, the rising and setting times change. 

Answer: Option B. -> Winter
:
B

During winters in either hemisphere, the earth is further away from sun and therefore it has short days and long nights. Whereas in summers, the concerned hemisphere is closer to sun and hence it has longer days and shorter nights.