Answer: Option A. ->
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Definition: 1 Mark
Elements: 1 Mark
Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a particular place over a short period of time.
Temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind-speed etc. are the elements which determine the weather of a place.

Answer: Option A. ->
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Each point: 1 Mark
1. The temperature is high during most part of the year. But during winter, which lasts only for a few months, the temperature is quite low.
2. This region receives very little rainfall.
3. Usually, desert climate is also known as arid climate in which there is very little rainfall and the land is barren, making the climate extremely dry and hard for plants, animals and humans to survive.

Answer: Option A. ->
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Each animal and its adaptation: 1 Mark
1. Red-eyed frogs have sticky pads on their feet which help them to climb trees. Monkeys also have long tails that help them to hold onto branches. This is how they adapt to find food and live on trees.

2. A lion-tailed macaque stands out for the silver-white mane that covers its head from the cheeks to the chin. It is also known as a beard ape and can climb very well. It survives mainly on fruits, seeds, stems, young leaves, flowers, and buds. Macaques spend the maximum time of their life on trees as they get sufficient food on the tree itself.

3. The large tusks of elephants are modified teeth and are used to tear the bark of trees for food. Their large ears help them to hear even very soft sounds and also keep them cool in hot and humid climates.

Answer: Option A. ->
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Definition: 1 Mark
Structure: 1 Mark
Rainfall is measured by an instrument called the rain gauge.
It has a well-defined structure. It basically consists of a measuring cylinder with a funnel on the top to collect rainwater.

Answer: Option A. ->
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Statement: 1 Mark
Explanation: 2 Marks
Yes, all the changes in the weather are caused by the Sun.
1) The Sun is a huge sphere of hot gases at a very high temperature. Even though the distance between the Sun and the Earth is very large, the energy sent out by the Sun is the source of all the heat and light on the earth. So the Sun is the primary source of energy that causes changes in the weather.
2) Energy absorbed and reflected by the Earth's surface, oceans and the atmosphere play an important role in determining the weather at any place.

Answer: Option A. ->
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Each point: 1 Mark
1. The seasonal movement of animals from one place to another to avoid harsh climatic conditions is known as migration.
2. Birds travel long distances to avoid harsh, cold weathers and it is necessary to protect them.
3. They travel in search of food as well. Certain kinds of butterflies also show migratory behavior.

Answer: Option A. ->
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Each point: 0.5  Mark
The climate at any place is affected by the following factors:
1. Distance from the equator.
2. Height above the sea level.
3. Ocean currents.
4. Direction of prevailing winds.

Answer: Option A. ->
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Each relationship: 1 Mark
1. Climate plays an important role in the life of living organisms. It is the weather condition in an area over a long period of time.
2. It brings about certain changes in the shape, structure and function of the animal body so that it can live and survive in those climatic conditions. Hence organisms will adapt to those climatic conditions.
3. These features and habitats help animals to adapt to their surroundings which results in the process of evolution, which is the heritable characteristics of biological populations over sucessive generations.

Answer: Option A. ->
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Each point: 1 Mark
1. Tropical rainforests lie between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, or 1,400 miles north and south of the Equator.
2. The rainfall in this area is distributed throughout the year, about 6-33 feet a year.
3. It remains frost free and warm all year long, with temperatures between 70° and 85°F with very little daily fluctuation.
4. Tropical rainforests are found in Western Ghats and Assam in India, Southeast Asia, Central America and Central Africa. Because of continuous warmth and rain, this region supports wide variety of plants and animals.
5. The major types of animals living in the rainforests are monkeys, apes, gorillas, lions, tigers, elephants, leopards, lizards, snakes, birds and insects.

Answer: Option A. ->
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Each point: 1 Mark
The Meteorological department collects data on temperature, wind etc., and prepares various kinds of weather reports.
1. It makes the weather predictions.
2. It provides services to aviation sector like fog information, map patterns of heating and cooling of various regions of the earth.
3. It issues various national and zonal alerts like alerts for cyclones and tsunami.
4. It studies and identifies seismic activities and provides earthquake reports.
5. It helps farmers and agriculture sectors by providing monsoon and rainfall reports.