Answer: Option D. -> retreats
:
D
Option (d)
The phrase “muttering retreats” makes option (d) correct.

Answer: Option B. -> A language other than the informant’s for recording life stories
:
B
The best answer is B. The passage statesthat “Native Americans recognized that the essence of their lives could not be communicated in English,” that is, in the language of the ethnologists recording the life stories. Since this statement supports the idea that “much was inevitably lost,” it can be inferred that the informants used a language other than that used to record their life stories. Choice A is incorrect because, in the second paragraph, the investigators are criticized for lacking familiarity with the cultures they study. Choice C is incorrect because ethnologists recorded life stories to “supplement their own field observations”. Choice D is incorrect because the passage indicates that life stories were edited.

Answer: Option C. -> A sports announcer describes the action in a team sport with which he is unfamiliar.
:
C
The best answer is C. Lines 22-23 suggest that ethnologists “rarely spent enough time with the tribes they were observing.” Ethnologists who did not spend enough time with tribes they were observing were unlikely to be sufficiently familiar with the culture and customs of those tribes. Such ethnologists nevertheless attempted to describe the lives of tribal members. This attempt can be seen as analogous to the announcer’s attempt to describe the actions in a team sport with which he is unfamiliar. Choice A, B, and D can be eliminated because the passage does not suggest ethnologists deliberately withheld information.

Answer: Option C. -> Companies that are not United States-owned may seek legal protection from import competition under United States import relief laws.
:
C
The best answer is C. On reading the 2nd and 3rd paragraphs, we can conclude that the danger mentioned in option C is warned and none of the remaining options are stated in the passage.

Answer: Option C. -> critique a methodology
:
C
The best answer is C. The passage describes a methodology, explain the methodology’s intended uses, criticizes the methodology’s accurateness and comprehensiveness, and reaffirms the methodology’s usefulness despite its limitations. Thus, the primary purpose of the passage is to evaluate or critique a methodology.

Answer: Option A. -> They were being pushed lower as a result of increased competition.
:
A
A is the best answer. The author discusses wages in southern cities in the third paragraph. Lines 68-73 state that an increase in the number of rural workers who migrated to southern cities after the collapse of the cotton industry led to increased competition for jobs and resulted in wages being pushed lower.

Answer: Option C. -> The federal census of 1910
:
C
C is the best answer. In lines 35-41, the author states that ten percent of the Black workers in the South were employed in “manufacturing and mechanical pursuits” and then identifies “manufacturing and mechanical pursuits” as the general federal census category for industrial occupations in 1910. Thus, she indicates that she used the federal census as a source of information in her investigation.

Answer: Option B. -> It is not likely that people with steady jobs would have reason to move to another area of the country.
:
B
B is the best answer. To answer this question, you must first identify the author’s argument. The author argues that it is possible that Black migrants to the North were living and working in urban areas of the South rather in rural areas, as researchers had previously assumed. In lines 44-48, the author states that it may be “surprising” that an employed population would relocate. Thus, the author anticipates an objection to her argument on the grounds that Black urban workers in the South would have been unlikely to leave an economically secure existence. She meets that objection by stating that “an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South” (lines 46-48), and discusses the low wages that may have motivated Black workers to migrate north for higher pay.

Answer: Option B. -> Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not
:
B
B is the best answer. The question requires you to compare behavior based on intuition with behavior based on formal decision analysis. This choice specifies that the manager who uses intuition incorporates action into the decision-making process, but the manager who uses formal analysis does not. This distinction is made in several places in the passage. Lines 6-7 emphasize that decision-making and action-taking are separate steps in formal decision analysis: “making a decision, and only then taking action”. On the other hand, those who use intuition “integrate action into the process of thinking” (lines 15-16). Again, the author mentions that in the intuitive style of management,“ ‘thinking’ is inseparable from acting” (lines 60-61), and “action is often part of defining the problem” (lines 80-81).

Answer: Option D. -> They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.
:
D
D is the best answer. The author asserts that the writers in question “display a poor grasp of what intuition is” (lines 21-22). The next paragraph presents a view that, according to the author of the passage, characterizes intuition more accurately than the writers on management do. Isenberg’s research is specifically described as showing the ways in which managers use intuition (lines 28-30). Therefore, what Isenberg correctly comprehends, and the writers in question misunderstand, is how managers use intuition, as this choice states.