Answer: Option C. -> To discourage short-term profit-taking by institutional stockholders
:
C
This question asks you to identify the stated purpose of the author’s suggestion that any institution holding 20 percent or more of a corporation’s stock be required to give the public one day’s notice of the intent to sell that stock.
The best answer is C. The purpose of the requirement that institutions holding 20 percent or more of a company’s stock be required to give advance public notice of the sale of that stock is stated: to prevent insititutions from “trading shares at the propitious moment” and to encourage them to concentrate on increasing a company’s productivity.
Choice A is incorrect. The suggested requirement that an institution give advance notice of its intent to sell a significant amount of stock tends to discourage institutional stockholders from selling stock they believe will decrease in value since, according to the passage, such an announcement would cause the stock’s value to plummet.
Choice B is also incorrect. The author argues that insititutional stockholders should be “encouraged to take a more active role in the operations of the companies in which they invest”. The advance notice requirement discussed is proposed by the author as a means of fostering, not discouraging, institutional stockholders’ participation in the operation of the companies they invest in.
Choice D is not the correct answer. The passage does not discuss ownership of company stock by that company’s employees.

Answer: Option D. -> recommend actions
:
D
This question asks you to determine the main purpose served by the second paragraph of the passage in the context of the passage as a whole.
The best answer is D. The second paragraph is devoted to the author’s recommendations of certain actions, namely, the adoption of new regulations concerning the holding and selling of stock by institutional investors.
Choice A is not the correct answer. The author of the passage identifies a problem-short-term trading done by institutional shareholders-but does so in the first paragraph, not in the second.
Choice B is incorrect. In the second paragraph, the author recommends new regulations regarding shareholding by institutions. Although the author mentions some consequences of the suggested regulations, the author clearly views these consequences as desirable.
Choice C is not correct. The second paragraph contains suggestions about new ways to regulate shareholding by institutions. Although the author asserts that certain effects would result from the proposed regulations, these effects are not explained.

Answer: Option B. -> The complaint violated the intent of import relief laws.
:
B
The best answer is B. Inthe passagethe author states that “The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate…was crying for help against a United States company…”. It can be inferred fromthe passagethat import relief laws were designed to protect United States companies from foreign competition. Thus, the lodging of a complaint by a foreign conglomerate against a United States company violated the intent of the laws.

Answer: Option B. -> The anesthetized patient
:
B
Option (b)
In the olden days, ether was used to anesthetize patients.

Answer: Option D. ->  The use of a research method is described and the limitations of the results obtained are discussed.
:
D
The best answer is D. The first paragraph of the passage identifies a research method (recording life stories) and explains the method’s uses. The second and third paragraphs explain limitations of the method’s results. The final paragraph explains why the research method is useful despite its limitations. Choice A, B, and C are incorrect because only one research method is discussed, not two.

Answer: Option A. -> warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences.
:
A
Looking at the case given in the 3rd paragraph, followed by the explanation in the 4th paragraph, we understand that the passage talks about the unintentional consequences of trade laws. Hence, option A is the most suitable answer.

Answer: Option C. -> The author refers to the ‘status quo’ in which he is in.
:
C
Option (c)
The lines “And indeed… I presume?” spell out the circle of concern which is limited to the immediate and the temporal world, nowhere do the lines depict any issues with the larger picture in life. The author is in a ‘status quo’ and deciding what to do.

Answer: Option A. -> life stories provide deeper insights into a culture than the hypothesizing of academics who are not members of that culture
:
A
The best answer is A, which paraphrases the passage’s assertion that life stores “are likely to throw more light on the working of the mind and emotions than any amount of speculation from an ethnologist or ethnological theorist from another culture”. Choice B is incorrect because the passage does not assess the difficulty of collecting life stories, and because the second paragraph discusses ways in which life stories became distorted. Choice C is incorrect because the passage does not specify how many research methods are available to ethnologists.Choice D can be eliminated because the third paragraph mentions distortion arising from ethnologists’ failure to recognize significant events in life stories.

Answer: Option C. -> Those that help one unit within a parent company will not necessarily help other units in the company.
:
C
The best answer is C. The passage suggests that trade laws can be used against the US companies - this isn't what is intended.
Choice A - mentions nothing about US companies competing outside their own country. Choice B - When an answer choice makes a comparison, aspects of all sides should be known, which is not the case here. Choice D - This goes directly against the passage statements: because now it is difficult to tell who is the parent company.

Answer: Option D. -> Reporting all of the information that the informant provides regardless of the investigator’s personal opinion about its intrinsic value
:
D
The best answer is D. In the third paragraph, the passage asserts that editors made their own decisions about which elements of the Native Americans’ life stories were important. It can therefore be inferred from the passage that reporting all of an informant’s information would help eliminate bias, because editing had involved subjective judgments about the intrinsic value of the information. Choice A and C can be eliminated because the passage does not attribute bias to failures in adhering to ethnological theory, to translations into the researchers’ language, or problems in the numbers and content of question posed. Choice B is not supported because the second paragraph criticizes the emotion of the report, not that of the informant, for introducing bias.