Answer: Option C. -> It gives us pectinase that dissolves pectin and gives a velvety texture to juice
:
C
The microbe Aspergillus niger has the ability to breakdown the cell wall in fruits, due to its ability to produce the pectinase enzyme. This enzyme digests the pectin present in the cell wall. Once the cell wall is digested, extraction is much more easier and the texture of the juice is improved.

Answer: Option D. -> All of the above 
:
D
Fermentation in food processing is the process of converting carbohydrates to alcohols or organic acids using microorganisms (yeasts or bacteria) under anaerobic or aerobic conditions. ExampleSaccharomyces or yeast is responsible for one of the biggest beverage industries of the world. Lactic acid bacteria are used for converting milk into curd.

Answer: Option C. -> Bacillus thuringiensis
:
C
Insecticides are a type of pesticides which are used to kill insect pests which affect the growth of crops.Microbial insecticides battle damag causing insects by enlisting the aid of microscopic, living organisms like viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, or nematodes. Bacillus thuringiensis is a microbial insecticide as it is a bacterium used specifically to kill the insect pest cotton ballworm. B.subtilis is used to provide faster release of rock phosphate and enhance phosphate release to the crop throughout the whole growing season. Hence it is used in seed and soiltreatment. B.polymixa and B. brevis do not have any such major property which can be used to increase agricultural productivity.

Answer: Option D. -> Agrobacterium
:
D
Biofertilizersare defined as preparations containing living cells or latent cells of efficient strains of microorganisms that help crop plants uptake nutrientsdue to their interactions in the rhizosphere (narrow region of soil that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms)when applied through seed or soil. Examples includeRhizobium, Nostoc etc.Mycorrhizais a fungi that is in a symbiotic association with roots of plants and it helps in absorption of phosphate from the soil. Agrobacterium is a gram negative bacterium that causes tumors in plants. It is well known for its ability to transfer DNA intoplantsand for this reason it has become an important tool for genetic engineering. A. tumefaciens causes crown-gall disease in plants. A. tumefaciens is therefore not a biofertilizer.

Answer: Option D. -> The bread dough did not ferment properly before baking
:
D
For bread to become soft and fluffy, the dough must undergo fermentation. When the bread dough ferments, some amount of carbon dioxide is released by the action of yeast on the sugars which creates a lot of gas bubbles in the dough. When baked, these gas bubbles appear as holes in the bread and make the bread fluffy and light.

:
Statins are a class of drugs or molecules that help in lowering cholesterol levels in the blood. They are often prescribed to patients suffering from a high blood cholesterol level.

Answer: Option B. -> 1.Germination 2.Kilning 3.Milling 4.Brewing 5.Pasteurization
:
B
First, barley seeds are allowed to germinate and then dried in a kiln before being crushed to a smooth powder in a mill. This powder is then mixed with water and hops in a large kettle. This process is called as brewing. Thereafter, the ground barley-hops mixture is added to a fermentor along with yeast. A constant temperature between 8 - 25 degrees is maintained, depending on the type of beer being made. Yeast acts on the sugars of the barley seeds and converts it to ethanol and $C{O}_2$. The $C{O}_2$ is extracted and stored for later use while excess yeast is removed and the mixture, which is now called green beer, is allowed to mature and develop a distinct flavor. After maturation, the liquid is filtered and pasteurized and $C{O}_2$ that was extracted earlier is pumped back in to give beer the fizzy taste. Finally, the finished product is bottled and sold for consumption.

Answer: Option A. -> Saccharomyces cerevisiae
:
A
Baker's yeast or Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used to leaven breads or to raise them and give them the airy and fluffy texture. Yeast releases carbon dioxide as a byproduct of aerobic respiration and this gas causes the dough to double in size over time to get it ready for baking.

Answer: Option C. -> (ii) and (iii)
:
C
Trichoderma are free-living fungi that live on root surfaces. They are useful as biocontrol agents and are not harmful to plants. Infact, most trichoderma can be characterized as useful plant symbionts. Baculoviruses are viruses that are obligate parasites of insects and other arthropods. These can be used as specific biocontrol agents as they do not harm any non-target insects or plants or animals.

Answer: Option A. -> Azotobacter
:
A
Bacillus thuringiensis produces a toxin that kills larvae of various insects. Ladybird controls aphids and dragonfly reduces mosquito population. Azotobacter is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium.