12th Grade > Biology
MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE MCQs
Total Questions : 51
| Page 4 of 6 pages
Answer: Option B. -> Fermentation
:
B
The chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the releaseof heat, is called as fermentation. It is through the process of fermentation that commercial products like yogurt and cheese are processed, involving the action of specific bacteria like LAB (lactic acid bacteria) for the manufacture of yogurt, and some fungi in theproduction of different types of cheeses. For example, Blue cheese is produced by Penicillium roqueforti and Penicillium glaucum molds. Distillation is a process of separating the component or substances from a liquid mixture, by selective evaporation and condensation. This distillation process is generally employed for the production of beverages in brewery industries. Pasteurisation is a process of sterilisation through heat treatment or irradiationof products like milk, curd, wine etc. before consumption bythe consumers.
:
B
The chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the releaseof heat, is called as fermentation. It is through the process of fermentation that commercial products like yogurt and cheese are processed, involving the action of specific bacteria like LAB (lactic acid bacteria) for the manufacture of yogurt, and some fungi in theproduction of different types of cheeses. For example, Blue cheese is produced by Penicillium roqueforti and Penicillium glaucum molds. Distillation is a process of separating the component or substances from a liquid mixture, by selective evaporation and condensation. This distillation process is generally employed for the production of beverages in brewery industries. Pasteurisation is a process of sterilisation through heat treatment or irradiationof products like milk, curd, wine etc. before consumption bythe consumers.
Answer: Option D. -> Spirogyra
:
D
Some microbes have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into a usable form that plants can make use of. These microbes are of two types, free-living and symbiotic. Nostoc, Anabaena, Azorobacter are free-living bacteria that fix nitrogen in the soil. Spirogyra on the other hand is type ofa blue green algae that does not have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
:
D
Some microbes have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into a usable form that plants can make use of. These microbes are of two types, free-living and symbiotic. Nostoc, Anabaena, Azorobacter are free-living bacteria that fix nitrogen in the soil. Spirogyra on the other hand is type ofa blue green algae that does not have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
Answer: Option B. -> False
:
B
Not all microbes are harmful to humans. Only a few microbes are harmful to humans. While some do not interact with humans, some of the microbes are actually necessary for human survival. Many microbes are known to exist in the human gut that actually aid in absorption of nutrients and also in keeping the harmful ones at check. Without these helpful microbes, humans would face many challenges in their daily survival.
:
B
Not all microbes are harmful to humans. Only a few microbes are harmful to humans. While some do not interact with humans, some of the microbes are actually necessary for human survival. Many microbes are known to exist in the human gut that actually aid in absorption of nutrients and also in keeping the harmful ones at check. Without these helpful microbes, humans would face many challenges in their daily survival.
Answer: Option B. -> Both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
:
B
Among the sixteen essential plant nutrients, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the most common nutrients found deficient in Indian soil. Supply of these nutrients to the soil through biofertilizers (microbes which enhance soil nutrients is necessary to keep the soil rich in plant nutrients for achieving maximum yield. Irrigation practices are also helpful in enhancing the crop yield. In this way, both biofertilizers and irrigation are equally important for high crop yield. However, irrigation and the use of biofertiliers are independent of each other and hence both the assertion and reason are true but the reason does not explain the assertion.
:
B
Among the sixteen essential plant nutrients, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the most common nutrients found deficient in Indian soil. Supply of these nutrients to the soil through biofertilizers (microbes which enhance soil nutrients is necessary to keep the soil rich in plant nutrients for achieving maximum yield. Irrigation practices are also helpful in enhancing the crop yield. In this way, both biofertilizers and irrigation are equally important for high crop yield. However, irrigation and the use of biofertiliers are independent of each other and hence both the assertion and reason are true but the reason does not explain the assertion.
Answer: Option A. -> Brown and Red Algae
:
A
Biofertilisers are microorganisms which can fix nitrogen and hence enrich the soil with utilizable nitrogen-containing compounds. Blue-green algae or Cyanobacteria, Glomus (a genus of fungi) and Rhizobium can fix nitrogen, but brown and red algae cannot.
:
A
Biofertilisers are microorganisms which can fix nitrogen and hence enrich the soil with utilizable nitrogen-containing compounds. Blue-green algae or Cyanobacteria, Glomus (a genus of fungi) and Rhizobium can fix nitrogen, but brown and red algae cannot.
Answer: Option B. -> Insulin
:
B
Insulin is a protein hormone that is required by humans to maintain normal blood glucose levels in the body. In patients suffering from diabetes, insulin production is halted or is insufficient. To supplement this shortage, human insulin produced using genetically modified E. coli, is injected into the patient. Insulin is not naturally generated by the E. coli. However, the human insulin gene is introduced into the E. coli genome, thus enabling the bacterium to produce large amounts of insulin in large chemically controlled bioreactors.
:
B
Insulin is a protein hormone that is required by humans to maintain normal blood glucose levels in the body. In patients suffering from diabetes, insulin production is halted or is insufficient. To supplement this shortage, human insulin produced using genetically modified E. coli, is injected into the patient. Insulin is not naturally generated by the E. coli. However, the human insulin gene is introduced into the E. coli genome, thus enabling the bacterium to produce large amounts of insulin in large chemically controlled bioreactors.
Answer: Option A. -> True
:
A
Mercury poisoning refers to the biomagnification of a toxic form of mercury - methymercury in the living systems of organisms in a food chain. Researchers at Inter-American University in Puerto Rico have engineered a bacterium that could withstand 25 times the dosage of mercury that would normally kill a regular bacterium. More importantly, in 5 days, these bacteria removed up to 80% of the dissolved mercury in solution. These newly engineered bacteria could help control mercury poisoning to a great extent and protect thousands of organisms from becoming susceptible to chemical poisoning.
:
A
Mercury poisoning refers to the biomagnification of a toxic form of mercury - methymercury in the living systems of organisms in a food chain. Researchers at Inter-American University in Puerto Rico have engineered a bacterium that could withstand 25 times the dosage of mercury that would normally kill a regular bacterium. More importantly, in 5 days, these bacteria removed up to 80% of the dissolved mercury in solution. These newly engineered bacteria could help control mercury poisoning to a great extent and protect thousands of organisms from becoming susceptible to chemical poisoning.
Answer: Option C. -> 1.Sedimentation and Filtration 2.Aeration 3.Settling 4.Anaerobic digester
:
C
1.The first step or primary treatment, the sewage is split into solid and liquid components. This is achieved by sedimentation and by filtration.
2.The liquid effluent is passed to the next phase, which is called secondary treatment or biological treatment. In this phase the effluent is pumped into a large aeration tank. Here, the liquid is constantly agitated to promote the growth of flocs. Flocs are masses of bacteria that are associated with fungal filaments to form mesh-like structures. In these aeration tanks, the introduced microbes consume the available nutrients.
3.Once BOD levels drop to a sufficiently low level, a second sedimentation process is carried out in a settling tank. In the secondary sedimentation the solid floc is separated from the liquid. The separated solid floc is called a secondary or activated sludge.After the activated sludge is separated from the effluent, the nutritionally and microbially poor liquid portion of the sewage is suitable for release into the environment.
4.The sludge is passed into anaerobic sludge digester tanks. These digesters have a set of anaerobic microbes. These anaerobic microbes consume the bacteria and fungi that form the sludge and in the process produce methane and hydrogen sulphide gas. These biogases are collected and used as fuel.
:
C
1.The first step or primary treatment, the sewage is split into solid and liquid components. This is achieved by sedimentation and by filtration.
2.The liquid effluent is passed to the next phase, which is called secondary treatment or biological treatment. In this phase the effluent is pumped into a large aeration tank. Here, the liquid is constantly agitated to promote the growth of flocs. Flocs are masses of bacteria that are associated with fungal filaments to form mesh-like structures. In these aeration tanks, the introduced microbes consume the available nutrients.
3.Once BOD levels drop to a sufficiently low level, a second sedimentation process is carried out in a settling tank. In the secondary sedimentation the solid floc is separated from the liquid. The separated solid floc is called a secondary or activated sludge.After the activated sludge is separated from the effluent, the nutritionally and microbially poor liquid portion of the sewage is suitable for release into the environment.
4.The sludge is passed into anaerobic sludge digester tanks. These digesters have a set of anaerobic microbes. These anaerobic microbes consume the bacteria and fungi that form the sludge and in the process produce methane and hydrogen sulphide gas. These biogases are collected and used as fuel.
Answer: Option B. -> Lipase
:
B
Lipases are enzymes that digest lipids. When we look at famous detergent brands advertizing their superior stain removal abilities, they are bragging about the action of lipase on digesting oily stains and making clothes sparkle. Some important lipase-producing bacterial genera include Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Burkholderia.Protease, cellulase, amylase as the names suggest` are use to digest protien, cellulose, starch respectively.
:
B
Lipases are enzymes that digest lipids. When we look at famous detergent brands advertizing their superior stain removal abilities, they are bragging about the action of lipase on digesting oily stains and making clothes sparkle. Some important lipase-producing bacterial genera include Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Burkholderia.Protease, cellulase, amylase as the names suggest` are use to digest protien, cellulose, starch respectively.
Answer: Option D. -> They rely on natural predation
:
D
Chemicals used to control pests and weeds cause pollution of soil and water. They also result is biomagnification, which means accumulation of the chemicals in the higher trophic levels of food chains. They are often indiscriminate, so they kill both useful and harmful organisms. However, it is biocontrol agents and not chemical control agents that rely on natural predator-prey relationships.
:
D
Chemicals used to control pests and weeds cause pollution of soil and water. They also result is biomagnification, which means accumulation of the chemicals in the higher trophic levels of food chains. They are often indiscriminate, so they kill both useful and harmful organisms. However, it is biocontrol agents and not chemical control agents that rely on natural predator-prey relationships.
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