Akbar remained illiterate and uneducated all his life. He had to occupy the throne at the early age of 13 years after the untimely death of his father Humayun.

Qunum-i-Humayuni was written by Khwand Mir, also known as Ghiyasuddin Muhammad. It is an account of rules and ordinances established by emperor Humayun and of some building erected by him.

The Mosque was built by Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan’s daughter in 1648 A.D. It was constructed by more than 5000 workers. It was originally called Masjid-i-Jahan Numa, meaning ‘mosque commanding view of the world’.

Tabaqat-I-Akbari was written by Khwaja Nizammuddin Ahmed Harawi, written during the reign of Akbar. It is a history in nine parts from the first appearance of Islam in India up to the date of its composition in 1593-94. Tabaqat-i-Akbari is a very important source for the history of the Saiyid and Lodi Sultans.

Firdausi was a persian poet and the author of Shahnameh also known as “Book of Kings”, which is one of the world’s longest epic and the national epic of Greater Iran.

Coins issued by most of the Rajput kings of medieval India were same in pattern i.e. included the name of the Ruler on one side and the picture of Goddess Laxmi on the other side. The text of the coins was written in Devnagiri script.

Al Biruni was made court astrologer in Ghazni and he accompanied with Mahmud on his invasions on India. He lived for several years here and is considered to be first Indologist.

The major objective of Ghori to attack India was to expand his empire and satisfy his imperialistic ambitions. The expansion of Islam and his ambition to glorify his name through his military exploits could be said to be his secondary aims. Similarly, loot and plunder may also be secondary aims because that was norm in those days to acquire Gold and wealth from defeated rulers.

In the thirteenth century, Ata Malik Juwaini wrote The Tarikh-i-Jahan Gusha-i-Juwaini. It throws more light upon the history of Central Asia than it does on India. The text is, nevertheless, considered to give an accurate account of all the information.

Khwaja Nizam-ud-Din Ahmad Bakshi was a Muslim historian of late medieval India. He was the son of Muhammad Muqim-i-Harawi. Nizamuddin Ahmad wrote the book Tabaqat-i-Akbari which is a general history of the Muslim rule in India coming down to the year of its composition.