Abul Fazl who was one of the courtiers who were collectively known as Akbar’s Navratnas (or nine jewels). He wrote Ain-i-Akbari and Akbar Nama. He Lead the Mughal imperial army in its wars in Deccan but was  murdered by Bir Singh Bundela.

The Mughal emperor Akbar established a Translation Department. The department was given the task of translating Hindu religious scriptures, such as the Atharvaveda, the Mahabharata, Harivamsa and the Ramayana into Persian.

Peshwa or Pant Pradhan looked after finance and general administration. However, the office of Peshwa later became more powerful and the Peshwa functioned more as the prime minister. There was great focus on Intelligence and a centralised intelligence department was created.

In the aministartion od Shivaji the Surnavis or Chitnis or Sachiv  was the general secretary who also overlooked official correspondence, Sumant/Dabir was the master of ceremonies and foreign affairs, Nyayadish was appointed for Justice and Pandit Rao looked over charities and ecclesiastical affairs.

Aurangzeb was the sixth Mughal emperor. He was the third son of Shah Jahan and his famous queen, Mumtaz Mahal. He ruled the Indian subcontinent for 49 years. He is considered as the most ablest king of the Mughal empire.

Madhav Rao defeated the Nizam of Hyderabad and also compelled Haidar Ali of Mysore to pay tribute. He reasserted control over northern India by defeating the Rohillas and also subjugated the Rajput state and Jat chiefs.

Nalayira Divya Prabandham is a collection of 4,000 Tamil verses sung vy 12 Alvar saints and compiled by Nathamuni during the 9th – 10th centuries. They are in praise of Narayana (Vishnu) and his many forms, sung by Alvars at sacred shrines called Divya Desams.  Nalayira Divya Prabandham was described as the Tamil Veda, claimed the text was as important as the four Vedas.

Andal or Godadevi is the only female among 12 Alvar saints. She was active in 8th century and is credited for great Tamil works Thiruppavai and Nachiar Tirumozhi. A women’s group of South India called Goda Mandali is inspired from Andal. Andal herself is known as a beloved of lord Vishnu.

The Third Battle of Panipat was fought between the Sadashivrao Bhau who was the Commander-in-chief of the Maratha Army and Vishwasrao, Malharrao Holkar, Ahmad Shah Durrani which was also called Ahmad Shah Abdali.