Answer: Option A. -> organization
An identified group of people contributing their efforts towards the attainment of goals is called an organization. An organization or organisation is an entity comprising multiple people, such as an institution or an association, that has a particular purpose.

Answer: Option C. -> organization
A system of co-operative activities of two or more persons is called organization. An organization or organisation is an entity comprising multiple people, such as an institution or an association, that has a particular purpose.

Answer: Option B. -> scientific task planning
Allotment of work to each worker on the basis of the capacity of an average worker functioning in the normal working condition is scientific task planning. Scientific task setting Standard task is the quantity of work which an average worker can perform under ideal standardised conditions in one day, generally called 'a fair day's work', which for every worker should be fixed after a scientific study.

Answer: Option A. -> fatigue study
A study relating to the fixing of the working hours with rest periods to recoup the energy while performing in job is called fatigue study. Fatigue study is study to understand how fatigue affects productivity.

Answer: Option A. -> formal organization
Formal authority flows from upwards to downwards in formal organization. Formal Organization is an organisation in which job of each member is clearly defined, whose authority, responsibility and accountability are fixed. Informal Organization is formed within the formal organisation as a network of interpersonal relationship when people interact with each other.

Answer: Option D. -> 5 to 15 years
Long term planning is 5 to 15 years. A long-term planning is about setting a process by which a particular strategic plan will be achieved. This process focuses on activities that start now and continue well into the future.

Answer: Option B. -> informal organization
Informal organisaitonal relationship gives a greater job satisfaction and results in maximum production. The informal organization is the network of connections and channels of communication based on the informal relationships of individuals inside the organization.

Answer: Option A. -> planning
The first and foremost function of management is planning. Planning is the primary function of management. Its purpose is to ensure optimum utilisation of human and economic resources in the business processes. It precedes all other activities of the business undertaking.

Answer: Option B. -> free-rein style
The leader acts as a liaison officer between the employees and the outside world is free-rein style. Free-rein leadership, also called Laissez-Faire, is a type of leadership style in which leaders are hands-off and allow group members to make the decisions. Mangers set objectives and employees are free to do whatever is appropriate to accomplish those objectives.

Answer: Option A. -> looking back
Planning is looking ahead and control is looking back. Planning is the fundamental management function, which involves deciding beforehand, what is to be done, when is it to be done, how it is to be done and who is going to do it.