Questions and answers for exam Preparation

MCQs

Total Questions : 150 | Page 3 of 15 pages

Question 21. Which of the following is true regarding the assumptions in the method of constructing the Dayhoff scoring matrix?

it is assumed that each amino acid position is equally mutable
it is assumed that each amino acid position is not equally mutable
it is assumed that each amino acid position is not mutable at all
sites do not vary in their degree of mutability

Discuss Question

Answer: Option A. -> it is assumed that each amino acid position is equally mutable
Answer: (a).it is assumed that each amino acid position is equally mutable

Question 22. A gap opening penalty for any gap (g) and a gap extension penalty for each element in the gap (r) are most often used, to give a total gap score wx, according to the equation ______

wx – rx = -g
wx = g – rx
wx = g + rx
wx + g + rx = 0

Discuss Question

Answer: Option C. -> wx = g + rx
Answer: (c).wx = g + rx

Question 23. The more conserved amino acids in similar proteins from different species are ones that play an essential role in structure and function and the less conserved are in sites that can vary without having a significant effect on function.

True
False
May be True or False
Can't say

Discuss Question

Answer: Option A. -> True
Answer: (a).True

Question 24. In the GCG and FASTA program suites, the scoring matrix itself is formatted in a way that includes default ______

gap additions
alignment scores
score penalties
gap penalties

Discuss Question

Answer: Option D. -> gap penalties
Answer: (d).gap penalties

Question 25. In case of the varying alignment, penalizing gaps heavily might occur. Then the best scoring local alignment between the sequences will be one that optimizes the score between matches and mismatches, without any gaps.

True
False
May be True or False
Can't say

Discuss Question

Answer: Option A. -> True
Answer: (a).True

Question 26. By whom and when were the Bayesian methods applied first?

Smith-Waterman, 1981
Agarwal and States, 1996
Smith-Waterman, 1996
Agarwal and States, 1981

Discuss Question

Answer: Option B. -> Agarwal and States, 1996
Answer: (b).Agarwal and States, 1996

Question 27. In a type of probability, analysis is to calculate the odds score for one event OR a second event, or of a series of events. In this case, the odds scores are _______

multiplied
subtracted
added and multiplied
added

Discuss Question

Answer: Option D. -> added
Answer: (d).added

Question 28. In Bayesian methods, difficulty with making estimations is that the estimate depends on the following Assumption.
(Assumption – The mutation rate in sequences has been constant with time and that the rate of mutation of all nucleotides is the same.)

True
False
May be True or False
Can't say

Discuss Question

Answer: Option A. -> True
Answer: (a).True

Question 29. With the application of Bayesian methods, the most probable repeat length and evolutionary time since the repeat was formed may be derived.