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Quantitative Aptitude

PROBABILITY MCQs

Probability, Probability I

Total Questions : 775 | Page 72 of 78 pages
Question 711. A box contains 3 blue marbles, 4 red, 6 green marbles and 2 yellow marbles. If four marbles are picked at random, what is the probability that none is blue?
  1.    $$\frac{{17}}{{91}}$$
  2.    $$\frac{{33}}{{91}}$$
  3.    $$\frac{{51}}{{91}}$$
  4.    $$\frac{{65}}{{91}}$$
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option B. -> $$\frac{{33}}{{91}}$$
Given that there are three blue marbles, four red marbles, six green marbles and two yellow marbles.
When four marbles are picked at random, then the probability that none is blue is
$$\eqalign{
& = \frac{{{}^{12}{C_4}}}{{{}^{15}{C_4}}} \cr
& = \frac{{12 \times 11 \times 10 \times 9}}{{15 \times 14 \times 13 \times 12}} \cr
& = \frac{{11880}}{{32760}} \cr
& = \frac{{33}}{{91}} \cr} $$
Question 712. The probability that a number selected at random from the first 50 natural numbers is a composite number is -
  1.    $$\frac{{21}}{{25}}$$
  2.    $$\frac{{17}}{{25}}$$
  3.    $$\frac{{4}}{{25}}$$
  4.    $$\frac{{8}}{{25}}$$
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option B. -> $$\frac{{17}}{{25}}$$
The number of exhaustive events = $${{}^{50}{C_1}}$$ = 50
We have 15 primes from 1 to 50
Number of favourable cases are 34
Required probability = $$\frac{{34}}{{50}}$$ = $$\frac{{17}}{{25}}$$
Question 713. Out of 10 persons working on a project, 4 are graduates. If 3 are selected, what is the probability that there is at least one graduate among them?
  1.    $$\frac{{1}}{{6}}$$
  2.    $$\frac{{5}}{{8}}$$
  3.    $$\frac{{3}}{{8}}$$
  4.    $$\frac{{5}}{{6}}$$
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option D. -> $$\frac{{5}}{{6}}$$
P(at least one graduate) = 1 - P(no graduates)
$$\eqalign{
& = 1 - \frac{{{}^6{C_3}}}{{{}^{10}{C_3}}} \cr
& = 1 - \frac{{6 \times 5 \times 4}}{{10 \times 9 \times 8}} \cr
& = \frac{5}{6} \cr} $$
Question 714. A bag contains five white and four red balls. Two balls are picked at random from the bag. What is the probability that they both are different color?
  1.    $$\frac{{4}}{{9}}$$
  2.    $$\frac{{5}}{{9}}$$
  3.    $$\frac{{7}}{{9}}$$
  4.    $$\frac{{8}}{{9}}$$
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option B. -> $$\frac{{5}}{{9}}$$
Two balls can be picked from nine balls in $${{}^9{C_2}}$$ ways.
We select one white ball and one red ball from five white balls and four red balls.
This can be done $${{}^5{C_1}}$$ . $${{}^4{C_1}}$$ ways.
∴ The required probability
$$\eqalign{
& = \frac{{5 \times 4}}{{{}^9{C_2}}} \cr
& = \frac{{20}}{{36}} \cr
& = \frac{5}{9} \cr} $$
Question 715. If a card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of cards, the probability of drawing a spade or a king is -
  1.    $$\frac{{19}}{{52}}$$
  2.    $$\frac{{17}}{{52}}$$
  3.    $$\frac{{5}}{{13}}$$
  4.    $$\frac{{4}}{{13}}$$
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option D. -> $$\frac{{4}}{{13}}$$
$$P\left( {S \cup K} \right) = $$   $$P\left( S \right) + $$  $$P\left( K \right) - $$  $$P\left( {S \cap K} \right),$$   (where S denotes spade and K denotes king.)
$$\eqalign{
& P\left( {S \cup K} \right) = \frac{{13}}{{52}} + \frac{4}{{52}} - \frac{1}{{52}} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \frac{4}{{13}} \cr} $$
Question 716. Find the probability that getting 4 digit number with 1 in the unit place and 2 in the tens place when the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are arranged at random without repeating.
  1.    $$\frac{{1}}{{5}}$$
  2.    $$\frac{{1}}{{10}}$$
  3.    $$\frac{{1}}{{15}}$$
  4.    $$\frac{{1}}{{20}}$$
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option D. -> $$\frac{{1}}{{20}}$$
The numbers can be written in 5! different ways then n(S) = 5! = 120
Let E be the event that getting 4 digit number with 1 in the unit place and 2 in the tens place when the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are arranged at random.
Since each desired number is ending with 1, there is only 1 way
The Second place(tens) can now be filled with 2
Here also only 1 way to fill
The next place(hundreds) can now be filled by any of the remaining 3 numbers
So, there are 3 ways to filling that place
Then, the first place can now be filled by any of the remaining 2 numbers
So, there are 2 ways to fill
Therefore n(E) = 1 x 1 x 3 x 2 = 6
Now,
$$\eqalign{
& {\text{p}}\left( {\text{E}} \right) = \frac{{{\text{n}}\left( {\text{E}} \right)}}{{{\text{n}}\left( {\text{S}} \right)}} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \frac{6}{{120}} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \frac{1}{{20}} \cr} $$
Hence the required probability is $$\frac{1}{{20}}$$
Question 717. Bag contain 10 black and 20 white balls, One ball is drawn at random. What is the probability that ball is white
  1.    $$\frac{{1}}{{3}}$$
  2.    $$\frac{{2}}{{3}}$$
  3.    $$\frac{{1}}{{2}}$$
  4.    $$\frac{{4}}{{3}}$$
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option B. -> $$\frac{{2}}{{3}}$$
Total cases = 10 + 20 = 30
Favourable cases = 20
So probability = $$\frac{{20}}{{30}}$$ = $$\frac{{2}}{{3}}$$
Question 718. A box contains 3 white, 4 red and 7 blue erasers. If five erasers are taken at random then the probability that all the five are blue color is:
  1.    $$\frac{{2}}{{126}}$$
  2.    $$\frac{{3}}{{286}}$$
  3.    $$\frac{{12}}{{121}}$$
  4.    $$\frac{{13}}{{211}}$$
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option B. -> $$\frac{{3}}{{286}}$$
Total number of erasers in the box = 3 + 4 + 7 = 14
Let S be the sample space
Then, n(S) = number of ways of taking 5 out of 14
Therefore,
$$\eqalign{
& {\text{n}}\left( {\text{S}} \right) = {}^{14}{C_5} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \frac{{14 \times 13 \times 12 \times 11 \times 10}}{{2 \times 3 \times 4 \times 5}} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = 14 \times 13 \times 11 \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = 2002 \cr} $$
Let E be the event of getting all the 5 blue erasers
Therefore,
$$\eqalign{
& {\text{n}}\left( {\text{E}} \right) = {}^7{C_5} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \frac{{7 \times 6 \times 5 \times 4 \times 3}}{{2 \times 3 \times 4 \times 5}} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = 21 \cr} $$
Now, the required probability
$$\eqalign{
& \frac{{{\text{n}}\left( {\text{E}} \right)}}{{{\text{n}}\left( {\text{S}} \right)}} = \frac{{21}}{{2002}} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \frac{3}{{286}} \cr} $$
Question 719. In a box, there are 8 red, 7 blue and 6 green balls. One ball is picked up randomly. What is the probability that it is neither blue nor green?
  1.    $$\frac{{2}}{{3}}$$
  2.    $$\frac{{3}}{{7}}$$
  3.    $$\frac{{8}}{{21}}$$
  4.    $$\frac{{9}}{{22}}$$
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option C. -> $$\frac{{8}}{{21}}$$
Total number of balls = (8 + 7 + 6) = 21
Let E = event that the ball drawn is neither blue nor green = event that the ball drawn is red.
Therefore, n(E) = 8
P(E) = $$\frac{{8}}{{21}}$$
Question 720. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability of getting the face numbers are same?
  1.    $$\frac{{1}}{{6}}$$
  2.    $$\frac{{2}}{{3}}$$
  3.    $$\frac{{4}}{{9}}$$
  4.    $$\frac{{5}}{{6}}$$
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option A. -> $$\frac{{1}}{{6}}$$
In a simultaneous throw of two dice, we have n(s) = 6 × 6 = 36
Let E = event of getting two numbers are same.
Then E = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
therefore, n(E) = 6
And p(E) = p(getting two numbers are same)
$$\eqalign{
& {\text{p}}\left( {\text{E}} \right) = \frac{{{\text{n}}\left( {\text{E}} \right)}}{{{\text{n}}\left( {\text{S}} \right)}} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \frac{6}{{36}} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \frac{1}{6} \cr} $$
Hence the answer is $$\frac{{1}}{{6}}$$

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