Answer: Option A. -> Information is free for use for the scientific community
:
A
It was unanimously accepted that if the information obtained by HGP was not kept open and easily accessible to all, the purpose of helping the scientific community to grow would fail. The easiest way was to keep the information available in an online database for everyone to access.

Answer: Option C. -> 61
:
C
Of all the 64 codons, three are known as termination codons or stop codons, which do not code for any amino acid. They are UAA, UAG and UGA. They act as stop signals for protein synthesis. Remaining 61 codons code for 20 known amino acids.

Answer: Option D. -> DNA → RNA → Proteins
:
D
Central dogma of molecular biology is DNA $\to$ RNA $\to$ proteins. The DNA produces mRNA by transcription and the mRNA codes for the synthesis of proteins via translation.

Answer: Option B. -> False
:
B
The number of STRs is unique for every individual. Though the pattern is inherited, the probability is extremely low (almost nil) for two individuals to have exactly the same number of these repeats. This makes DNA fingerprinting a reliable method of identifying individuals. However, in the case of identical twins, STRs may not be totally reliable, as it is likely that they could be completely similar in them. In such cases, more advanced techniques may be used.

Answer: Option A. -> Okazaki fragments
:
A
DNA polymerase can add nucleotides only to the free 3’ ends of RNA primers. However, both the strands of a DNA double helix run along opposite directions, and thus, the synthesis of one strand (the leading strand) happens much easier than that of the other strand (lagging strand). DNA polymerase can add nucleotides only to the free 3’ end of an existing RNA primer. For the synthesis of the lagging strand, since the template runs along the 5’$\to$ 3’ direction, DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to already existing RNA primers (added by primase) to form short segments (about 100-200 nucleotides long in eukaryotes and 1,000-2,000 nucleotides long in bacteria). These segments are known as Okazaki fragments. DNA ligase does the final touch up by sealing the nicks between the fragments, to give rise to the new 3’$\to$ 5’ strand.

Answer: Option C. -> Non-ambiguous nature
:
C
A single codon always codes for the same amino acid. This describes the non-ambiguous nature of the genetic code.

Answer: Option C. -> It has no anticodons
:
C
Of the 64 existing codons, UAA, UAG and UGA act as stop codons or termination codons, as they do not code for any amino acid. Their role is to act as stop signals for protein synthesis. Since they do not code for any amino acid, they obviously, do not have corresponding tRNA molecules that have the respective anticodons or carry the amino acids. Thus, the corresponding anticodons do not exist.

Answer: Option B. -> Carbon-1' of pentose sugar
:
B
In a nucleoside, nitrogenous base is attached to carbon-1' of the pentose sugar.

Answer: Option A. -> tRNA
:
A
The clover leaf model is a two-dimensional structure of transfer RNA or tRNA, and is a popular model for studies. It resembles a clover leaf. A three-dimensional L-shaped structure is also often used to represent tRNA.

Answer: Option D. -> X-ray diffraction
:
D
Genetic engineering is thetechnology that is developed to controls traits of an organismby introducing desirable changes in its genetic constitution. DNA profiling, gene mapping, DNA finger printing, etc.are part ofgenetic engineering.X-raydiffraction(XRD) is one of the most important non-destructive tools to obtain information about the structure of a crystals, fluids,etc.