Method: 1 Mark each
1. A vermicomposting pit is made with a wooden box or big cement rings. A mesh is spread at the bottom of the pit.
2. Vegetable waste, fruit waste, waste papers which are not shiny or coated with plastic is spread over the mesh.
3. Water is sprinkled to create moisture so that the red worms can live. A vermicomposting pit takes nearly two to four weeks to completely convert waste into manure.
4. These Red worms grind the food material with the help of gizzards. A red worm eats food equal to its weight every day. Waste materials rich in oils, salt, meat and vinegar stop the growth of red worms.
5. Red worms don't survive in too hot or too cold conditions. So the temperature of the pit is to be maintained at an optimum temperature in which the red worms can survive.

Method of helping: 1 Mark each
Non-biodegradable wastes like plastics are harmful to our environment as well as our health. We can help the government in 'dealing with garbage' by
1. Utilizing the facilities provided like dustbins to dispose off the household wastes and other wastes.
2. Try to reduce production of garbage.
3. If possible, use recyclable materials in daily life.
4. Try to avoid plastics.
5. Segregating garbage into biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials.

Types: 1 Mark each
There are two types of garbage: dry waste or non-biodegradable waste, and wet waste or biodegradable waste. 
Dry waste comprises of wastes like paper, metallic waste, plastic pieces, broken glass pieces, wooden blocks, waste rags, etc. 
Wet wastes are usually organic and come from the kitchens. Things like food leftovers, vegetable peels, fruit peels, and garden waste are all wet wastes. 

Garbage collectors accumulate all the garbage from the streets and dispose off it in garbage disposal landfills or garbage dumps. 

The rotting and conversion of biodegradable plant and animal waste, including waste from the kitchen, into organic manure in a controlled manner using bacteria and fungi is called composting. It is slow, simple, cheap, and doesn't harm the environment.

• Tear the paper up into small pieces. 


• Soak these pieces in water for a day.


• Make a thick paste and spread it on a net or sieve.


• Let the water drain off completely. Use an old cloth or newspaper to remove the extra water from the paste and dry it.


• Use this paste to make it into any shape you want. 

• Domestic wastes are the wastes from our houses.


• Municipal wastes are the wastes from schools, offices, roads, and shops.


• Industrial wastes are the wastes discarded from industries and small factories.

Three R's: 1 Mark each
The 3R principle is a method of waste management that stands for Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
Reduce: This step involves reducing the amount of waste generation by using fewer disposable items.
Reuse: This step involves reusing items for other purposes. For example, small bottles can be cleaned and used to store food items in the kitchen.
Recycle: In this step, waste material is destroyed and the remains of the item are used to make something else. For example, used plastic plates can be melted and reshaped into plastic bottles.

Reasons: 1 Mark each
1. Compost is much easier to prepare.

2. Compost is environment-friendly whereas fertilizers can harm our health as well as the environment.

3. Compost does not cause pollution.