12th Grade > Biology
EVOLUTION MCQs
Total Questions : 49
| Page 3 of 5 pages
Answer: Option C. -> Chemotrophs
:
C
In the reducing environment of primitive Earth, large molecules such as amino acids and nucleic acids were formed from simple molecules. Under the influence of UV light and electrical discharges, polymers such as proteins and nucleic acids were formed. These in turn led to the origin of the first cellular forms of life. Since the surface of Earth was continuously bombarded with UV rays, life on the surface was impossible. Hence, the first life adapted to exist deep in the ocean and derived energy from what was available on earth then, which were chemicals. They were thus, anaerobic chemotrophs. Most of them were also extremophiles, surviving in extreme conditions.
:
C
In the reducing environment of primitive Earth, large molecules such as amino acids and nucleic acids were formed from simple molecules. Under the influence of UV light and electrical discharges, polymers such as proteins and nucleic acids were formed. These in turn led to the origin of the first cellular forms of life. Since the surface of Earth was continuously bombarded with UV rays, life on the surface was impossible. Hence, the first life adapted to exist deep in the ocean and derived energy from what was available on earth then, which were chemicals. They were thus, anaerobic chemotrophs. Most of them were also extremophiles, surviving in extreme conditions.
Answer: Option D. -> Homo erectus
:
D
Homo erectuswhich means erect/upright man, succeeded Homo habilis, andis supposed to have been the first hominid to have moved out of Africa into Asia. Although bipedalism evolved much earlier, Homo erectus was the first species to have actually walked upright.It was also thefirst species to have exhibited a shift towards the human traitsand was called "the handy man" based on their ability to use hands. Ramapithecus was our ape-like ancestor and Homo sapiensinclude the present day humans with traits of bipedalism and increased cranial capacity.
:
D
Homo erectuswhich means erect/upright man, succeeded Homo habilis, andis supposed to have been the first hominid to have moved out of Africa into Asia. Although bipedalism evolved much earlier, Homo erectus was the first species to have actually walked upright.It was also thefirst species to have exhibited a shift towards the human traitsand was called "the handy man" based on their ability to use hands. Ramapithecus was our ape-like ancestor and Homo sapiensinclude the present day humans with traits of bipedalism and increased cranial capacity.
Answer: Option B. -> Lamarck
:
B
The theory of use and disuse was proposed by Lamarck. He suggested that changes in traits or characters occur in organisms depending on whether an organ is used or disused continuously. Continuous use of an organ, according to Lamarck, would also result in inheritance of that organ by the next generation, while constant disuse of an organ would gradually result in degeneration of the organ over time.
:
B
The theory of use and disuse was proposed by Lamarck. He suggested that changes in traits or characters occur in organisms depending on whether an organ is used or disused continuously. Continuous use of an organ, according to Lamarck, would also result in inheritance of that organ by the next generation, while constant disuse of an organ would gradually result in degeneration of the organ over time.
Answer: Option B. -> Chemotrophs
:
B
In the reducing environment of primitive Earth, large molecules such as amino acids and nucleic acids were formed from simple molecules. Under the influence of UV light and electrical discharges, polymers such as proteins and nucleic acids were formed. These in turn, formedthe first cellular forms of life. Since the surface of Earth was continuously bombarded with UV rays, life on the surface was impossible. Hence, the first life adapted to exist deep in the ocean and derived energy from thechemicals on Earth. Hence, they were anaerobic chemotrophs. Many of them were also extremophiles, surviving underextreme conditions.
:
B
In the reducing environment of primitive Earth, large molecules such as amino acids and nucleic acids were formed from simple molecules. Under the influence of UV light and electrical discharges, polymers such as proteins and nucleic acids were formed. These in turn, formedthe first cellular forms of life. Since the surface of Earth was continuously bombarded with UV rays, life on the surface was impossible. Hence, the first life adapted to exist deep in the ocean and derived energy from thechemicals on Earth. Hence, they were anaerobic chemotrophs. Many of them were also extremophiles, surviving underextreme conditions.
Answer: Option C. -> Prevalence of pesticide-resistant insects
:
C
One of the features of Darwinism is survival of the fittest. According to this, the organisms possessing favourable variations would survive, because they are the fittest to face their surroundings, while the unfit are destroyed. Darwin considered that useful variations are transmitted to the offspring, and appear more prominently in succeeding generations. After some generations, these continuous and gradual variations in the possessor would be so distinct that they form a new species. So, the pesticide-resistant insects have the ability to survive as they have resistance genes and so, they are selected by nature. Other insects lacking these genes would be killed by pesticides. Development of transgenic animals, production of 'Dolly' and the development of organs from stem cells involve human interference or selection by man, unlike the theory of Natural Selection.
:
C
One of the features of Darwinism is survival of the fittest. According to this, the organisms possessing favourable variations would survive, because they are the fittest to face their surroundings, while the unfit are destroyed. Darwin considered that useful variations are transmitted to the offspring, and appear more prominently in succeeding generations. After some generations, these continuous and gradual variations in the possessor would be so distinct that they form a new species. So, the pesticide-resistant insects have the ability to survive as they have resistance genes and so, they are selected by nature. Other insects lacking these genes would be killed by pesticides. Development of transgenic animals, production of 'Dolly' and the development of organs from stem cells involve human interference or selection by man, unlike the theory of Natural Selection.
Answer: Option A. -> Two
:
A
Cenozoic era is the third era of the Phanerozoic eon. This era is further divided into two periods - Tertiary and Quaternary.
:
A
Cenozoic era is the third era of the Phanerozoic eon. This era is further divided into two periods - Tertiary and Quaternary.
Answer: Option B. -> Analogous organs
:
B
Analogous organs are those organs that have some superficial resemblance, perform similar functions and yet, have different evolutionary origins and hence, different anatomical structures.
:
B
Analogous organs are those organs that have some superficial resemblance, perform similar functions and yet, have different evolutionary origins and hence, different anatomical structures.
Answer: Option B. -> Water
:
B
Earth was formed approximately 4.5 billion years ago. As it cooled down, a primitive atmosphere was created by the outgassing of early volcanoes. The early atmosphere contained no oxygen and could not support most of the life forms. In addition to the molten lava flowing into the ocean, some of the chemicals viz., hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, nitrogen etc. were supposedly washed down by the rains into the ocean where these chemicals got gradually converted to simple organic molecules that eventually joined together into complex organic molecules like DNA and RNA. These chemical reactions made the ocean a reservoir of chemicals. Hence, it was known as the “organic soup”. Progressively, self replication of simple nucleic acid molecules led to the origin of various simple life forms on Earth.
:
B
Earth was formed approximately 4.5 billion years ago. As it cooled down, a primitive atmosphere was created by the outgassing of early volcanoes. The early atmosphere contained no oxygen and could not support most of the life forms. In addition to the molten lava flowing into the ocean, some of the chemicals viz., hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, nitrogen etc. were supposedly washed down by the rains into the ocean where these chemicals got gradually converted to simple organic molecules that eventually joined together into complex organic molecules like DNA and RNA. These chemical reactions made the ocean a reservoir of chemicals. Hence, it was known as the “organic soup”. Progressively, self replication of simple nucleic acid molecules led to the origin of various simple life forms on Earth.
Answer: Option A. -> Homo habilis
:
A
About 2.5 mya, the genus Homo split off from the Australopithecines, and the first known species of this genus isHomo habilis.
:
A
About 2.5 mya, the genus Homo split off from the Australopithecines, and the first known species of this genus isHomo habilis.
Answer: Option A. -> Biogenesis
:
A
The theoryof biogenesis states that complex living things come only from other living things, by reproduction. That is, life does not arise from nonliving material, which was the position held by the theory of spontaneous generation. In 1668, Francesco Redi disproved the spontaneous generation theory and proved biogenesis. He set up a simple experiment in which he used two jars, both containing dead fish and meat,but with a difference - one was kept closed completely and the other, open. After a couple of days he observed something really interesting: maggots were formed only on the meat in the open jar as the flies had gotthe chance to lay eggs on the meat. The closed jar, on the other hand, did not have any worms. This meant that worms could not have been formed spontaneously; they rather, were formed only where there was pre-existing life.
:
A
The theoryof biogenesis states that complex living things come only from other living things, by reproduction. That is, life does not arise from nonliving material, which was the position held by the theory of spontaneous generation. In 1668, Francesco Redi disproved the spontaneous generation theory and proved biogenesis. He set up a simple experiment in which he used two jars, both containing dead fish and meat,but with a difference - one was kept closed completely and the other, open. After a couple of days he observed something really interesting: maggots were formed only on the meat in the open jar as the flies had gotthe chance to lay eggs on the meat. The closed jar, on the other hand, did not have any worms. This meant that worms could not have been formed spontaneously; they rather, were formed only where there was pre-existing life.
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