12th Grade > Biology
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS MCQs
Total Questions : 63
| Page 6 of 7 pages
Question 51. The mRNA from a person is isolated and then a single stranded radiolabelled cDNA is synthesized using mRNA as template (Reverse transcriptase) and the radiolabelled cDNA is then allowed to hybridize with a known strand of DNA.Which one of the following images describes the above experiment?
Answer: Option D. -> DNA Microarray
:
D
1) The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece of DNA to millions of copies of that particular DNA sequence.
2) RT-PCR is a technique where a mRNA is taken and then reverse transcriptase acts on it and a cDNA is created which then further acts as a template to PCR
3) Gel electrophoresis is a method for separation and analysis of macromolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins) and their fragments, based on their size and charge.
4) The mRNA from a person is isolated and then a single stranded radiolabelled cDNA is synthesized.This radiolabelled cDNA is then allowed to hybridize with single stranded DNA attached to a solid surface.This DNA on the solid surface of the chip is specific(specified by researcher) .This whole process is called DNA microarray. Therefore the image in question that discribes the statement above is the 4th one that belongs to a DNA microarray. The colors represent relative gene expression.
:
D
1) The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece of DNA to millions of copies of that particular DNA sequence.
2) RT-PCR is a technique where a mRNA is taken and then reverse transcriptase acts on it and a cDNA is created which then further acts as a template to PCR
3) Gel electrophoresis is a method for separation and analysis of macromolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins) and their fragments, based on their size and charge.
4) The mRNA from a person is isolated and then a single stranded radiolabelled cDNA is synthesized.This radiolabelled cDNA is then allowed to hybridize with single stranded DNA attached to a solid surface.This DNA on the solid surface of the chip is specific(specified by researcher) .This whole process is called DNA microarray. Therefore the image in question that discribes the statement above is the 4th one that belongs to a DNA microarray. The colors represent relative gene expression.
Answer: Option B. -> The absence of C - Peptide
:
B
Pro-insulin differs from mature insulin as pro-insulin contains C-peptide which is absent in mature insulin.
:
B
Pro-insulin differs from mature insulin as pro-insulin contains C-peptide which is absent in mature insulin.
Answer: Option A. -> (i) Anti-HCG antibodies (ii) HCG
:
A
HCG (Human chorionic gonadotrophin) is a hormone that is produced by placental cells that nourish the fertilized egg after it is attached to the uterine wall. A pregnancy kit helps to determine whether a woman is pregnant. The urine of a pregnant woman will have HCG present in it and the pregnancy kit will have antibodies specific to HCG. A colored reaction helps in detecting the presence of HCG confirming a positive pregnancy.
:
A
HCG (Human chorionic gonadotrophin) is a hormone that is produced by placental cells that nourish the fertilized egg after it is attached to the uterine wall. A pregnancy kit helps to determine whether a woman is pregnant. The urine of a pregnant woman will have HCG present in it and the pregnancy kit will have antibodies specific to HCG. A colored reaction helps in detecting the presence of HCG confirming a positive pregnancy.
Answer: Option C. -> Cry protein will be excreted or broken down in the body
:
C
Humans and other higher order animals do not have specific cellular receptors for cry protein as seen in bollworms. Therefore, when we ingest Bt products like Bt corn or Bt rice, the toxins go through us unhindered and are excreted or broken down in our bodies.
:
C
Humans and other higher order animals do not have specific cellular receptors for cry protein as seen in bollworms. Therefore, when we ingest Bt products like Bt corn or Bt rice, the toxins go through us unhindered and are excreted or broken down in our bodies.
Answer: Option B. -> Agrobacterium tumefaciens
:
B
Ti plasmid or tumor inducing plasmid is isolated from the bacteriumAgrobacterium tumefaciens and is used as a vector for transferring transgenes to plants. The gene of interest to be transferred is inserted into the Ti plasmid via genetic engineering methods. This plasmid is then inserted into Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The plant cells are then exposed tothe modified Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The bacteria infects plant cells and the plasmid integrates with the plant genome thereby transferring thegene of interest to the plant.
:
B
Ti plasmid or tumor inducing plasmid is isolated from the bacteriumAgrobacterium tumefaciens and is used as a vector for transferring transgenes to plants. The gene of interest to be transferred is inserted into the Ti plasmid via genetic engineering methods. This plasmid is then inserted into Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The plant cells are then exposed tothe modified Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The bacteria infects plant cells and the plasmid integrates with the plant genome thereby transferring thegene of interest to the plant.
Answer: Option A. -> Bacterium
:
A
Bacillus thruringiensis is a bacterium. This bacteriumhas a gene called the Cry gene. This gene produces a protein called Cry protein which is toxic to many pests that commonly infest cotton crops. Using the Cry gene, bio-pesticidal plants were made that could counter the infestation of pests without the need for pesticides.
:
A
Bacillus thruringiensis is a bacterium. This bacteriumhas a gene called the Cry gene. This gene produces a protein called Cry protein which is toxic to many pests that commonly infest cotton crops. Using the Cry gene, bio-pesticidal plants were made that could counter the infestation of pests without the need for pesticides.
Question 57. What were the challenges faced by scientists in producing biologically functional rat insulin?
i. Active insulin has two peptide chains A and B
ii. Natural insulin is secreted in the form of long chain proinsulin which has an additional C peptide
iii. The sequence of rat insulin was not known to scientists
iv. Bacteria could not produce active insulin as the insulin gene was inserted in the penicillinase gene
i. Active insulin has two peptide chains A and B
ii. Natural insulin is secreted in the form of long chain proinsulin which has an additional C peptide
iii. The sequence of rat insulin was not known to scientists
iv. Bacteria could not produce active insulin as the insulin gene was inserted in the penicillinase gene
Answer: Option A. -> i, ii and iv
:
A
For cloning and producing active insulin, scientists faced many challenges. Firstly, natural insulin is produced in the form of preproinsulin having an N terminal, A and B chains, and a C peptide. The cDNA produced from the mRNA of this preproinsulin has coding regions for all of them but the active insulin has only A and B chains bound by disulphide bonds. Secondly, the insulin gene was inserted within the penicillinase gene and the resultant protein had proinsulin joined with penicillinase which made it biologically inactive. To overcome these problems scientists produced A and B chains in separate bacterial cultures without C peptide as the sequence of each of these chains was well known to them. They then mixed the two products to form biologically active insulin.
:
A
For cloning and producing active insulin, scientists faced many challenges. Firstly, natural insulin is produced in the form of preproinsulin having an N terminal, A and B chains, and a C peptide. The cDNA produced from the mRNA of this preproinsulin has coding regions for all of them but the active insulin has only A and B chains bound by disulphide bonds. Secondly, the insulin gene was inserted within the penicillinase gene and the resultant protein had proinsulin joined with penicillinase which made it biologically inactive. To overcome these problems scientists produced A and B chains in separate bacterial cultures without C peptide as the sequence of each of these chains was well known to them. They then mixed the two products to form biologically active insulin.
Answer: Option B. -> Mouse with a gene removed from its genome
:
B
A knockout mouse is a mouse with a gene deleted from the genome. Knocking a gene out of the genome of the mouse, can cause physiological changes. This helps in understanding the possible role of the gene in the normal physiology of the organism.
:
B
A knockout mouse is a mouse with a gene deleted from the genome. Knocking a gene out of the genome of the mouse, can cause physiological changes. This helps in understanding the possible role of the gene in the normal physiology of the organism.
Answer: Option B. -> Cutting leaf discs → dedifferentiation → agrobacterium infection → redifferentiation
:
B
In leaf disc method for transformation, small discs are cut from leaf. This induces stress. Stressed leaf disc cells undergo dedifferentiation. Dedifferentiation makes the cells totipotent and with appropriate hormones they can grow into any other plant tissue. At this step, cells are infected with agrobacterium containing tamed Ti plasmid with the gene of interest. The desired gene gets integrated with plant genome. Cells are then allowed to redifferentiate into roots and shoots forming the transgenic plant.
:
B
In leaf disc method for transformation, small discs are cut from leaf. This induces stress. Stressed leaf disc cells undergo dedifferentiation. Dedifferentiation makes the cells totipotent and with appropriate hormones they can grow into any other plant tissue. At this step, cells are infected with agrobacterium containing tamed Ti plasmid with the gene of interest. The desired gene gets integrated with plant genome. Cells are then allowed to redifferentiate into roots and shoots forming the transgenic plant.
Answer: Option C. -> It helps in early detection of disease
:
C
Molecular diagnostic methods are highly sensitive and can trigger a positive response even at nanogram levels. Therefore if someone is testing for certain disease, the smallest level of the pathogen or the antigen could trigger a positive response and help in early detection.
:
C
Molecular diagnostic methods are highly sensitive and can trigger a positive response even at nanogram levels. Therefore if someone is testing for certain disease, the smallest level of the pathogen or the antigen could trigger a positive response and help in early detection.
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