Analyzing Arguments : Logical Reasoning(Reasoning Aptitude > Logical Reasoning ) Questions and answers for exam Preparation

Reasoning Aptitude > Logical Reasoning

ANALYZING ARGUMENTS : LOGICAL REASONING MCQs

Total Questions : 28 | Page 2 of 3 pages

Question 11. In the 1966 Supreme Court decision Miranda
v. Arizona, the court held that before the
police can obtain statements from a person
subjected to an interrogation, the person
must be given a Miranda warning. This
warning means that a person must be told
that he or she has the right to remain silent
during the police interrogation. Violation of
this right means that any statement that the
person makes is not admissible in a court
hearing.
This paragraph best supports the statement
that

police who do not warn persons of their Miranda rights are guilty of a crime.
a Miranda warning must be given before a police interrogation can begin.
the police may no longer interrogate persons suspected of a crime unless a lawyer is present.
the 1966 Supreme Court decision in Miranda should be reversed.
persons who are interrogated by police should always remain silent until their lawyer comes.

Discuss Question

Answer: Option B. -> a Miranda warning must be given before a police interrogation can begin.

This answer is clearly supported in the second sentence. Nothing in the paragraph suggests that it is a crime not to give a Miranda warning, so choice a is incorrect. Choice c is also wrong because police may interrogate as long as a warning is given. There is no support given for either choice d or e.

Question 12. Human technology developed from the first
stone tools about two and a half million years
ago. At the beginning, the rate of development
was slow. Hundreds of thousands of
years passed without much change. Today,
new technologies are reported daily on television
and in newspapers.
This paragraph best supports the statement
that

stone tools were not really technology.
stone tools were in use for two and a half million years.
there is no way to know when stone tools first came into use.
In today's world, new technologies are constantly being developed.
none of the latest technologies is as significant as the development of stone tools.

Discuss Question

Answer: Option D. -> In today's world, new technologies are constantly being developed.

The last sentence states that new technologies are reported daily, and this implies that new technologies are being constantly developed. There is no support for choice a.With regard to choice b, stone tools were first used two and a half million years ago, but they were not necessarily in use all that time. Choice c is clearly wrong since the paragraph states when stone tools first came into use. Although some may agree that choice e is true, the author of the paragraph does not give support for this opinion.

Question 13. Obesity is a serious problem in this country.
Research suggests that obesity can lead to a
number of health problems including diabetes,
asthma, and heart disease. Recent
research has even indicated that there may be
a relationship between obesity and some
types of cancer. Major public health campaigns
that increase awareness and propose
simple lifestyle changes that will, with diligence
and desire, eliminate or least mitigate
the incidence of obesity are a crucial first step
in battling this critical problem.
This paragraph best supports the statement
that

public health campaigns that raise consciousness and propose lifestyle changes are a productive way to fight obesity.
obesity is the leading cause of diabetes in our country.
people in our country watch too much television and do not exercise enough.
a decline in obesity would radically decrease the incidence of asthma.
fast-food restaurants and unhealthy school lunches contribute greatly to obesity.

Discuss Question

Answer: Option A. -> public health campaigns that raise consciousness and propose lifestyle changes are a productive way to fight obesity.

The support for this choice is in the last sentence, which states that major public health campaigns that increase awareness and propose lifestyle changes are important in our fight against obesity. Choice b can be ruled out because although the paragraph states that obesity can lead to diabetes, it doesn't tell us that it is the leading cause of this disease. Choices c and e might sound reasonable and true, but they are not supported in the paragraph. And
although we are told that obesity has been connected to asthma, this fact is not quantified in any way, so choice d is also not supported by the information given.

Question 14. Walk into any supermarket or pharmacy and
you will find several shelves of products
designed to protect adults and children from
the sun. Additionally, a host of public health
campaigns have been created, including
National Skin Cancer Awareness Month, that
warn us about the sun's damaging UV rays
and provide guidelines about protecting ourselves.
While warnings about the sun's dangers
are frequent, a recent survey found that
fewer than half of all adults adequately protect
themselves from the sun.
This paragraph best supports the statement
that

children are better protected from the sun's dangerous rays than adults.
sales of sun protection products are at an all-time high.
adults are not heeding the warnings about the dangers of sun exposure seriously enough.
more adults have skin cancer now than ever before.
there is not enough information disseminated about the dangers of sun exposure.

Discuss Question

Answer: Option C. -> adults are not heeding the warnings about the dangers of sun exposure seriously enough.

The last sentence gives direct support for this response. Although children might be better protected from the sun than adults, the paragraph does not specifically cite statistics about children, so we can't know for sure, ruling out choice a. There is no evidence provided in the paragraph to support choices b and d. Choice e is incorrect since the last sentence tells us that warnings about the sun's dangers are frequent.

Question 15. Yoga has become a very popular type of exercise,
but it may not be for everyone. Before
you sign yourself up for a yoga class, you
need to examine what it is you want from
your fitness routine. If you're looking for a
high-energy, fast-paced aerobic workout, a
yoga class might not be your best choice.
This paragraph best supports the statement
that

yoga is more popular than high-impact aerobics.
before embarking on a new exercise regimen, you should think about your needs and desires.
yoga is changing the world of fitness in major ways.
yoga benefits your body and mind.
most people think that yoga isn't a rigorous form of exercise.

Discuss Question

Answer: Option B. -> before embarking on a new exercise regimen, you should think about your needs and desires.

The second sentence points out that people
should examine what they want from a fitness
routine before signing up for a new exercise
class. There is no evidence to support choice a.
Choice c might sound reasonable due to the fact
that the paragraph tells us that yoga has become
very popular, but this statement is not supported
by the information provided in the
paragraph. Choices d and e are also not supported
since the paragraph doesn't tell us
whether yoga is good for both body and mind
or what people think about it.

Question 16. Critical reading is a demanding process. To
read critically, you must slow down your
reading and, with pencil in hand, perform
specific operations on the text. Mark up the
text with your reactions, conclusions, and
questions. When you read, become an active
participant.
This paragraph best supports the statement
that

critical reading is a slow, dull, but essential process.
the best critical reading happens at critical times in a person's life.
readers should get in the habit of questioning the truth of what they read.
critical reading requires thoughtful and careful attention.
critical reading should take place at the same time each day.

Discuss Question

Answer: Option D. -> critical reading requires thoughtful and careful attention.

This answer is implied by the whole paragraph. The author stresses the need to read critically by performing thoughtful and careful operations on the text. Choice a is incorrect because the author never says that reading is dull. Choices b, c, and e are not supported by the paragraph.

Question 17. The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution
protects citizens against unreasonable
searches and seizures. No search of a person's
home or personal effects may be conducted
without a written search warrant issued on
probable cause. This means that a neutral
judge must approve the factual basis justifying
a search before it can be conducted.
This paragraph best supports the statement
that the police cannot search a person's home
or private papers unless they have

legal authorization.
direct evidence of a crime.
read the person his or her constitutional rights.
a reasonable belief that a crime has occurred.
requested that a judge be present.

Discuss Question

Answer: Option A. -> legal authorization.

The second and third sentence combine to give support to choice a. The statement stresses that there must be a judge's approval (i.e., legal authorization) before a search can be conducted. Choices b and d are wrong because it is not enough for the police to have direct evidence or a reasonable belief”a judge must authorize the search for it to be legal. Choices
c and e are not mentioned in the passage.

Question 18. During colonial times in America, juries were
encouraged to ask questions of the parties in
the courtroom. The jurors were, in fact,
expected to investigate the facts of the case
themselves. If jurors conducted an investigation
today, we would throw out the case.
This paragraph best supports the statement
that

juries are less important today than they were in colonial times.
jurors today are less interested in court cases than they were in colonial times.
courtrooms today are more efficient than they were in colonial times.
jurors in colonial times were more informed than jurors today.
the jury system in America has changed since colonial times.

Discuss Question

Answer: Option E. -> the jury system in America has changed since colonial times.

The paragraph focuses on the idea that the jury system is different from what it was in colonial times. There is no support given for choices a, b, and c. Choice d is incorrect because, even though jurors in colonial times were expected to investigate and ask questions, this does not
necessarily mean that they were more informed than today's jurors.

Question 19. There are no effective boundaries when it
comes to pollutants. Studies have shown that
toxic insecticides that have been banned in
many countries are riding the wind from
countries where they remain legal. Compounds
such as DDT and toxaphene have
been found in remote places like the Yukon
and other Arctic regions.
This paragraph best supports the statement
that

toxic insecticides such as DDT have not been banned throughout the world.
more pollutants find their way into polar climates than they do into warmer areas.
studies have proven that many countries have ignored their own antipollution laws.
DDT and toxaphene are the two most toxic insecticides in the world.
even a worldwide ban on toxic insecticides would not stop the spread of DDT pollution.

Discuss Question

Answer: Option A. -> toxic insecticides such as DDT have not been banned throughout the world.

The support for this choice is in the second
sentence, which states that in some countries, toxic insecticides are still legal. Choice b is incorrect because even though polar regions are mentioned in the paragraph, there is no support for the idea that warmer regions are not just as affected. There is no support for choice c. Choice d can be ruled out because there is nothing to indicate that DDT and
toxaphene are the most toxic. Choice e is
illogical.

Question 20. Mathematics allows us to expand our consciousness.
Mathematics tells us about economic
trends, patterns of disease, and the
growth of populations. Math is good at
exposing the truth, but it can also perpetuate
misunderstandings and untruths. Figures
have the power to mislead people.
This paragraph best supports the statement
that

the study of mathematics is dangerous.
words are more truthful than figures.
the study of mathematics is more important than other disciplines.
the power of numbers is that they cannot lie.
figures are sometimes used to deceive people.

Discuss Question

Answer: Option E. -> figures are sometimes used to deceive people.

This answer is clearly stated in the last sentence of the paragraph. Choice a can be ruled out because there is no support to show that studying studying math is dangerous. Words are not mentioned in the passage, which rules out choice b. Choice d is a contradiction to the information in the passage. There is no support for choice c.