Let the cost price of sugar be Rs X.

We can calculate the cost price, X, using the given information:

Cost price, X = (5 quintals × 100 kg/quintal) × Rs 2900 + Rs 45 + (5 paise/kg × 500 kg) + Rs 30

X = (500 × 2900) + 45 + (5 × 500) + 30

X = Rs 14,500 + 45 + 2500 + 30

X = Rs 17,075

Now, we can calculate the selling price of the sugar, Y, using the given information:

Selling price, Y = (5 quintals × 100 kg/quintal) × Rs 6.30

Y = (500 × 6.30)

Y = Rs 3,150

Now, we can calculate the gain, G, using the formula:

Gain, G = (Selling price – Cost price) × 100

G = (Y – X) × 100

G = (3150 – 17075) × 100

G = -14,925 × 100

G = -5%

Therefore, the gain per cent is 5%.

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