A certain medication used to treat migraine headaches acts by blocking pain receptors in the brain. When a person takes the medication within one hour after ingesting grapefruit or grapefruit juice, however, the effectiveness of the medication is significantly diminished. Researchers have determined that the grapefruit contains a compound that alters the shape of the pain receptors, with the result that the medication can no longer bind with them completely. Which of the following conclusions could be most properly drawn from the information given above? Options: A . &nbspIf one takes the medication more than an hour after ingesting grapefruit, its effectiveness is not diminished. B . &nbspIngesting grapefruit after taking the medication does not diminish the effectiveness of the medication. C . &nbspThere is only one type of pain receptor in the brain. D . &nbspThe medication is fully effective only when it properly binds with its target pain receptors. E . &nbspthe inventor of a commonly used anesthetic did not intend the product to be used by dentists, who currently account for almost the entire market for that drug.

A certain medication used to treat migraine headaches acts by blocking pain rece

Question

A certain medication used to treat migraine headaches acts by blocking pain receptors in the brain. When a person takes the medication within one hour after ingesting grapefruit or grapefruit juice, however, the effectiveness of the medication is significantly diminished. Researchers have determined that the grapefruit contains a compound that alters the shape of the pain receptors, with the result that the medication can no longer bind with them completely.
Which of the following conclusions could be most properly drawn from the information given above?

Options:

A . If one takes the medication more than an hour after ingesting grapefruit, its effectiveness is not diminished.

B . Ingesting grapefruit after taking the medication does not diminish the effectiveness of the medication.

C . There is only one type of pain receptor in the brain.

D . The medication is fully effective only when it properly binds with its target pain receptors.

E . the inventor of a commonly used anesthetic did not intend the product to be used by dentists, who currently account for almost the entire market for that drug.

Answer: Option D
:
D
For questions asking us to draw a conclusion, we need to base the conclusion only on the information presented; we cannot add any new information or assumptions. In addition, remember that we are not required to use all of the information presented in the premises, though the more information we can include, the better (as long as we don't take it too far!).
(A) The passage says that grapefruit or grapefruit juice ingested within an hour will "significantly" diminish the effectiveness of the medication. This does not mean that grapefruit or grapefruit juice ingested more than an hour before the medication is ingested will have no effect on the medication; it may have a mild effect.
(B) The passage speaks only of taking the medication after ingesting grapefruit;it says nothing about the effects of eating grapefruit after taking the medication.
(C) The passage implies that the pain receptors that the specific medication works on are the pain receptors that are affected by grapefruit. This does not mean that these are the only pain receptors in the brain.
(D) CORRECT. The passage says that the medication has been shown to be less effective when taken after grapefruit consumption. Furthermore, grapefruit has been shown to affect the binding of the medication to pain receptors. It can be concluded that effective binding is needed to enable the effectiveness of the medication.

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