Answer: Option B. -> Tuberculosis
:
B
$\bullet$ A chronic condition is a human health condition that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in it's effects. Tuberculosis is one such chronic disease. Other chronic diseases include cancer, diabetes, etc.
$\bullet$ Acute diseases occur suddenly and last only for a few days. E.g., Common cold, heart attack, etc.
$\bullet$ Congenital diseases, also called birth defects, can be acquired during the development of embryo or from genetic makeup of parents. E.g. Heart defects, down's syndrome, etc.
$\bullet$ Dietary diseases are caused due to deficiency or excesses of nutrients in the diet. E.g. Obesity, malnutrition, cardiovascular disorders, etc.

Answer: Option B. -> False
:
B
There are the following two ways to treat a disease.
1. Kill the cause of the disease: Each microbe undergoes some specific biochemical life process which helps them to survive. The intake of certain drugs that block these biochemical processes can help in killing the microorganism causing the disease. Antibiotics serve the purpose.
2. Reduce the effect of the disease: Medicines are provided to reduce the pain or bring down the fever. In other words, symptomatical treatment may help to reduce the impact of a disease, but it might not outright cure it. Illness like the common cold does not have a cure, hence, treating symptoms symptomatically will alleviate the discomfort or illness to an extent.

Answer: Option B. -> Cancer
:
A, C, and D
Diseases that spread from one person to another are called communicable diseases. They are usually caused by pathogens. They can be transmitted by physical contact with an infected person or through vectors or other agents. E.g. Malaria, AIDS, chickenpox, etc. Cancer, on the other hand, is a non-communicable disease.

Answer: Option B. -> False
:
B

Communicable diseases are spread when a healthy individual comes in contact with a sick person. Such diseases are also spread by vectors that carry pathogens or through contaminated food and water. Non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cancer do not spread from an infected person to a healthy person.

Answer: Option B. -> False
:
B
Suffering from cough and other weakness is a symptom of a disease. Signs of disease are what doctors determine on the basis of the symptoms.
Sign gives a definite indication of the presence of a particular disease whereas symptom is a feeling of something wrong.

Answer: Option B. -> Typhoid
:
B

Malaria, kala-azar and sleeping sickness are caused by protozoans and typhoid is caused by bacteria.

Answer: Option B. -> Drinking boiled water
:
B

• Malaria is not a water-borne disease. It is a protozoan disease, caused by Plasmodium (a protozoa). The pathogens enter the body of a healthy individual via the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. 


• Malaria can be prevented by installing net on windows, keeping the surroundings neat and clean and by spraying insecticides on stagnant water. This will prevent the mosquitoes around.


• Malaria cannot be prevented by drinking boiled water. It is a preventive measure against spreading of water-borne diseases.

Answer: Option B. -> Syphilis
:
B

All these are sexually transmitted disease (STDs). AIDS, hepatitis B and genital herpes are caused by virus. But not all STDs are caused by virus. E.g., syphilis and gonorrhea. The causative agent for them is bacteria. Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum, while gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhea respectively.

Answer: Option B. -> Cholera
:
B and C
Antibiotics primarily work against bacterial diseases.
  $\bullet$ Cholera is an infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium called Vibrio cholerae.
  $\bullet$ Anthrax is caused by the bacterium called Bacillus anthracis which may affect the skin, lungs or intestines.
On the other hand,
  $\bullet$ Dengue is an infection which is caused by the virus.
  $\bullet$ Hepatitis A is caused by a virus that infects liver cells and causes inflammation.
Hence, one cannot use antibiotics for dengue and hepatitis A.

Answer: Option B. -> AIDS
:
A, C, and D
Vaccines are now available for preventing a whole range of infectious diseases and they form a part of public health programme of childhood immunisation.
They provide a disease-specific means of prevention. Currently, vaccines are available against diseases like tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, hepatits A, and polio.