Answer: Option D. -> 1, 2 and 3
:
D
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct:
Ashtadhyayi is written by Panini, a work on Sanskrit grammar around c. 500 BCE.
Statement 2 is correct:
Mrichchhakatika is a sanskrit drama written by Shudraka (c. fourth century CE).
The central story is that of a noble but impoverished young Brahmin, Charudatta, who falls in love with a wealthy courtesan.
Statement 3 is correct:
Charaka Samhitas,is a work on medicine in Sanskrit around c. 100 CE.It describes ancient theories on the human body, etiology, symptomology and therapeutics for a wide range of diseases.Another well known ancient work on medicine is Shushruta samhita; it deals with different surgeries.

Answer: Option C. -> Pativedaka
:
C
Explanation:
Option(a) is incorrect:
Gahapatis refers to the owner, master or head of a household, who exercised control over the women, children, slaves and workers who shared a common residence. He was also the owner of the resources – land, animals and other things – that belonged to the household.
Option(b) is incorrect:
Asoka also tried to hold his empire together by propagating dhamma, for this task special officers, known as the dhamma mahamatta, were appointed to spread the message of dhamma.
Option(c) is correct:
In one of his inscriptions Ashoka has spoken about the absence of a mechanism of reporting the developments in the kingdom.He emphasized the need for regular reports of the affairs of the people.He appointed special officials called Pattivedakas for this task.He insisted that the Pativedakas should report him about the affairs of the people at all times, and anywhere, everywhere.
Option(d) is incorrect:
Satthavahanas is a term to denote successful merchants.Other terms used for merchants include setthis and Masattuvan.

Answer: Option B. -> a place where the philosophers held discussions
:
B
Explanation:
Ancient India saw the rise of different philosophies and sects and the philosophers and teachers of these schools held discussions to convince one another and the people about their philosophies. We get a glimpse of lively discussions and debates from Buddhist texts, which mention as many as 64 sects or schools of thought. Teachers travelled from place to place, trying to convince one another as well as laypersons, about the validity of their philosophy or the way they understood the world. Debates took place in the kutagarashala – literally, a hut with a pointed roof – or in groves where travelling mendicants halted. If a philosopher succeeded in convincing one of his rivals, the followers of the latter also became his disciples. So support for any particular sect could grow and shrink over time.

Answer: Option B. -> 2 only
:
B
Explanation:
The Buddha taught orally and none of the Buddha’s speeches were written down during his lifetime.After his death (c. fifth-fourth century BCE) his teachings were compiled by his disciples at a council of “elders” or senior monks at Vaishali in present-day Bihar. These compilations were known as Tipitaka – literally, three baskets to hold different types of texts. They were first transmitted orally and then written and classified according to length as well as subject matter. The Vinaya Pitaka included rules and regulations for those who joined the sangha or monastic order; the Buddha’s teachings were included in the Sutta Pitaka; and the Abhidhamma Pitaka dealt with philosophical matters.

Answer: Option C. -> The Indus valley script is in the form of short pictographic inscriptions.
:
C
Explanation:
The Indus valley people were aware about the art of writing.The Harappan writing has been found on variety of objects like the seals, copper tools, rims of jars, copper and terracotta tablets, jewellery, bone rods etc.The script is in the pictographic form with short inscriptions.But it is not deciphered yet.Though the script remains undeciphered to date, it was evidently not alphabetical (where each sign stands for a vowel or a consonant) as it has just too many signs – somewhere between 375 and 400. It is apparent that the script was written from right to left as some seals show a wider spacing on the right and cramping on the left, as if the engraver began working from the right and then ran out of space.