Reasoning Aptitude
STATEMENT AND ARGUMENTS MCQs
Directions: In making decisions about important questions, it is desirable to be able to distinguish between 'strong' arguments and 'weak' arguments.* 'Strong' Arguments must be both important and directly related to the question.* 'Weak' Arguments may not be directly related to the question and may be of minor importance or may be related to the trivial aspects of the question. Each question below is followed by four arguments numbered I, II, III and IV. You have to decide which of the arguments is a 'strong' argument and which is a 'weak' argument?
- Statement:
- Should the rule of wearing a helmet for both driver and pillion rider while driving a motorbike to be enforced strictly?
- Arguments:
- I. Yes, it is a rule and should be followed strictly by all.
- II. No, each individual knows how to protect his own life and it should be left to this discretion.
- III. No, it does not ensure safety as only the head is protected and the rest of the body is not.
- IV. Yes, it is a necessity as head, being the most sensitive organ, is protected by the helmet.
Answer: (c)
Arguments I and IV are strong because the rule of wearing a helmet for both driver and pillion rider while driving a motor bike should be followed strictly by all.
It protects our head which is the most sensitive organ of the human body.
Directions: In making decisions about important questions, it is desirable to be able to distinguish between 'strong' arguments and 'weak' arguments.* 'Strong' Arguments must be both important and directly related to the question.* 'Weak' Arguments may not be directly related to the question and may be of minor importance or may be related to the trivial aspects of the question. Each question below is followed by four arguments numbered I, II, III and IV. You have to decide which of the arguments is a 'strong' argument and which is a 'weak' argument?
- Statement:
- Should all the management institutes in the country be brought under government control?
- Arguments:
- I. No, the government does not have adequate resources to run such institutes effectively.
- II. No, each institute should be given the freedom to function on its own.
- III. Yes, this will enable us to have standardised education for all the students.
- IV. Yes, only then the quality of education would be improved.
Answer: (a)
None of the arguments has strong reasons to support or to oppose the given statements.
So, none of the arguments is strong
- Statement:
- Should India immediately stop digging coal from its mines?
- Arguments:
- I. Yes. The present stock of coal will not last long if we continue mining at the present rate.
- II. No. We do not have an alternative energy source of sufficient quantity.
- III. No. This will put millions of people at a disadvantage and their lives will get adversely affected and also the industry.
Answer: (b)
Though the reserves of coal are limited, yet stopping its use till alternate sources of energy have been discovered, is no solution to conserve it.
So, I is not strong. It is true that we haven't till date found a renewable source of energy which is available in plenty and can substitute coal.
So, II holds strong. Further, stopping coal mining would surely throw the engaged workers out of employment.
So, III also holds strong.
- Statement:
- Should all the students graduating in any discipline desirous of pursuing post-graduation of the subjects of their choice be allowed to enroll in the post-graduate courses?
- Arguments:
- I. Yes. The students are the best judge of their capabilities and there should not be restrictions for joining post-graduate courses.
- II. No. The students need to study relevant subjects in graduate courses to enroll in post-graduate courses and the students must fulfil such conditions.
- III. No. There are not enough institutes offering postgraduate courses which can accommodate all the graduates desirous of seeking post-graduate education of their own choice.
Answer: (e)
Only argument II is strong. The students cannot be enrolled in the courses just on the basis of their interests, but their compatibility with the same also matters.
So, I do not hold. Besides, lack of institutes is no criteria to deny post-graduate courses to students.
So, argument III also does not hold. II provides a genuine reason and thus holds strong.
- Statement:
- Should the consumption of aerated drinks be banned in India?
- Arguments:
- I. Yes. This is the only way to reduce the risk of exposing people to some diseases.
- II. No. Each individual should have the right to choose what he wants.
- III. No. There is no confirmed evidence that such products have adverse effects on the human body. IV. Yes. It is banned in many other countries also.
Answer: (c)
The use of ‘only' in I makes it invalid. Also, it is the duty of the government to save its citizens from the intake of any harmful products, even if they like them.
So, II does not hold strong. Besides, a product must not be banned unless its harmful effects have been proved.
So, III holds strong. Lastly, we cannot blindly follow the decisions taken by other countries.
So, IV also does not hold.
- Statement:
- Should there be a complete ban on Indian professionals seeking jobs elsewhere after getting their education in India?
- Arguments:
- I. Yes. This is the only way to sustain the present rate of technological development in India.
- II. No. The Indians settled abroad to send a huge amount of foreign exchange and this constitutes a significant part of foreign exchange reserve.
- III. No. The practical knowledge gained by Indians by working in other countries helps India develop its economy.
Answer: (a)
Clearly, none of the arguments provides a substantial reason either for or against the given statements.
So, none of the arguments holds strong.
- Statement:
- Should there be only a few banks in place of numerous smaller banks in India?
- Arguments:
- I. Yes. This will help secure the investor's money as these big banks will be able to withstand intermittent market-related shocks.
- II. No. A large number of people will lose their jobs as after the merger many employees will be redundant.
- III. Yes. This will help consolidate the entire banking industry and will lead to healthy competition.
Answer: (a)
The security of the investor's money is not related to the size of the bank.
Besides even after consolidation, the number of investors, their amounts and hence the duties shall remain the same and so no employees will be redundant.
Reducing the number of smaller banks will also not affect the mutual competition among the banks.
Thus, none of the arguments holds strong.
The following question given below consists of a statement, followed by two arguments numbered
I and II. You have to decide which of the arguments is a 'strong' argument and which is a 'weak'
argument.
Statement : Should the system of Lok Adalats and mobile courts be encouraged in India ?Arguments : I. Yes. It helps to grant speedy justice to the masses.
Il. No. These courts are usually partial in granting justice.
Courts are meant to judge impartially. So. argument II is vague. The system of local
courts shall speed up the justice So. argument I holds.
The following question given below consists of a statement, followed by two arguments numbered
I and II. You have to decide which of the arguments is a 'strong' argument and which is a 'weak'
argument.
Statement : Should higher education be reserved for deserving few ?Arguments : I. No. It will increase unemployment.
II. Yes. It will minimise wastage in higher education.
Clearly, higher education in no way reduces unemployment. So. argument I is vague.
If higher education is imparted to only those who are worth it, the wasteful expendi-
tures on undeserving shall be reduced. So. argument II also holds.
The following question given below consists of a statement, followed by two arguments numbered
I and II. You have to decide which of the arguments is a 'strong' argument and which is a 'weak'
argument.
Statement : Should all refugees, who make unauthorised entry into a country, be forced to go back to theirhomeland ?
Arguments : I. Yes. They make their colonies and occupy a lot of land.
ll. No. They leave their homes becauae of hunger or some terror and on human grounds, should not be forced to go back.
Clearly, refugees are people forced out of their homeland by some misery and need
shelter desperately So. argument II holds Argument 1 against the statement, is vague.