7th Grade > Biology
REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS MCQs
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Each point: 1 Mark
1. The transfer of pollen from the male reproductive organ (an anther or a male cone) of one plant to the female reproductive organ (a stigma or a female cone) of another plant is cross-pollination.
2. There are many agents of pollination like insects and wind.
3. Example of plant pollinated by -
(i) insects - sunflower
(ii) wind - wheat
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Each point: 0.5 marks
1. Process of reproduction which involes two parents - a male and a female - is called sexual reproduction. Flower is the sexual reproductive part of a plant.
2. A flower has a male reproductive part called stamen and a female reproductive part called pistil.
3. Stamen has anther which produces male gametes called pollen grains. Pistil carries an ovary which produces female gametes called egg cells.
4. The pollen grains are transferred to the female part of a flower by the process of pollination.
5. Once the pollen lands on a suitable stigma, it forms the pollen tube which carries male gametes to the egg cell present inside the ovule.
6. The male gametes fuse with the egg to form the zygote and this process is called fertilization.
7. Later zygote transforms into an embryo (baby plant) while the ovule develops into the seed.
8. The seed is dispersed via different agents.
9. The seeds protect the plant embryo and on the onset of favourable conditions germinate.
10. Upon germination, the seed gives rise to a seedling.
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Each method: 1 Mark
The different methods of asexual reproduction are:
1. Fission - It is a process of asexual reproduction in which a single cell splits to form two identical, independent cells.
2. Fragmentation - Parent body divides into distinct pieces which grow into new individuals. E.g. alga.
3. Budding - This is a process which occurs in yeasts. A bud or an outgrowth develops on the parent body. Once it attains maturation, it detaches from the parent body (sometimes can remain attached) to form a new individual.
4. Spore formation - Spores are asexual reproductive bodies. Each spore is covered by a hard protective coat to withstand unfavourable conditions. Under favourable conditions, it germinates and develops into a new individual. E.g. fungi.
5. Vegetative propagation - It is a type of asexual reproduction in which vegetative parts of the plant (roots, stems, and leaves) are involved.
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A
Seeds from plants such as Swan and Cottonwood trees are light and have feathery bristles. They can be easily carried away to long distance by the wind. On the other hand, some plants like Kauri and Maple trees have ‘winged’ seeds. These seeds don’t float away but flutter to the ground and is also an example of wind dispersal. Hence the statement is correct.
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B
The transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of different flower of different plant of the same species is called cross pollination. Fertilisation takes place only if pollination takes place between plants of the same species.
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A
Some plants produce seeds that are covered in hooks or spines. These seeds get attached to animals fur or feathers. They are carried upto a certain distance away from their parent plant. Later, these seeds may either fall off, or are rubbed off by the animal. In this way the seeds are dispersed to a new surrounding where they germinate.
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D
Asexual reproduction requires only one parent plant. There is no exchanging of genetic information, therefore, offspring are clones of the parent. Asexual reproduction in plants can occur in a variety of forms which includes budding, vegetative propagation, spore formation and fragmentation. Hence I and III are correct.
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C
Different types of seeds have different ways of dispersal depending upon their characteristics.
The seeds which have spongy or fibrous outer coat are generally dispersed by water. The spongy surface allows them to float on the water. E.g., Coconut.
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C
A male and a female gamete fuse together during fertilisation to form a zygote. This is a characteristic feature of sexual reproduction and necessary for variation.
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B
Vegetative propagation is a type of asexual reproduction in plants. A part of plant except flower is involved in vegetative propagation, for example stem, leaves etc. The offsprings are identical to the parent plant. Unlike flowers, the buds in axil are vegetative buds and help in vegetative propagation.