12th Grade > Biology
HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE MCQs
Total Questions : 38
| Page 2 of 4 pages
Answer: Option A. -> True
:
A
Mast cells release chemicals which trigger allergic reactions in the body. For example, when an allergen is a pollen, specific IgE antibodies are released by the B cells. These antibodies attach to the receptors of mast cells and get activated to release chemicals like histamines on contact with the same antigen (pollen) which initially activates the dendritic cells in the nasal cavity.
:
A
Mast cells release chemicals which trigger allergic reactions in the body. For example, when an allergen is a pollen, specific IgE antibodies are released by the B cells. These antibodies attach to the receptors of mast cells and get activated to release chemicals like histamines on contact with the same antigen (pollen) which initially activates the dendritic cells in the nasal cavity.
Question 12. A person was suffering from a particular disease, say X. The doctor carried out a test for detection of the disease. He found that the person's blood serum has a lot of antibodies which react with Salmonella Typhi antigens. Identify the disease and the detection test carried out by the doctor.
Answer: Option A. -> Typhoid, Widal test
:
A
Widal test is based on the principle that a patient suffering from typhoid has a lot of antibodies that will react against the antigens of Salmonella Typhi. So we take the blood serum of the patient and add it to a Widal test suspension that contains inactivated preparations of various Salmonella antigens. The antibodies in the patient's serum will bind to the antigens in the suspension and it appears as agglutination or aggregation of antibody-antigen complex. Therefore appearance of agglutination indicates a positive diagnosis for typhoid.
:
A
Widal test is based on the principle that a patient suffering from typhoid has a lot of antibodies that will react against the antigens of Salmonella Typhi. So we take the blood serum of the patient and add it to a Widal test suspension that contains inactivated preparations of various Salmonella antigens. The antibodies in the patient's serum will bind to the antigens in the suspension and it appears as agglutination or aggregation of antibody-antigen complex. Therefore appearance of agglutination indicates a positive diagnosis for typhoid.
Answer: Option A. -> True
:
A
Cilia are minute hair-like processes that line the upper respiratory tract. Mucus glands and mucosal epithelium in the passage secrete mucus which is sticky and traps pathogens entering the nasal passage when we breathe in. This mucus is then thrown out of the nasal passage as the cilia beat back and forth clearing the pathogens from the body.
:
A
Cilia are minute hair-like processes that line the upper respiratory tract. Mucus glands and mucosal epithelium in the passage secrete mucus which is sticky and traps pathogens entering the nasal passage when we breathe in. This mucus is then thrown out of the nasal passage as the cilia beat back and forth clearing the pathogens from the body.
Answer: Option D. -> All of the above
:
D
Passive immunityis the transfer of antibodiesgenerated in a person, to another individual. This confers the recipient with immunity to a disease that the person hasnot encountered. Passive immunity is naturally transferred to breast-fed babies from their mother's milk. Breast milk has colostrum that contains antibodies against pathogens the mother has been exposed to. Transfer of antibodies that occurs from mother to foetus via the placenta is also an example here. Yet another application of this type of immunityis in the case of snake bites or other poisoning, wherein the immunity has to be conferred immediately and hence, readymade antitoxins are administered to confer passive immunity.
:
D
Passive immunityis the transfer of antibodiesgenerated in a person, to another individual. This confers the recipient with immunity to a disease that the person hasnot encountered. Passive immunity is naturally transferred to breast-fed babies from their mother's milk. Breast milk has colostrum that contains antibodies against pathogens the mother has been exposed to. Transfer of antibodies that occurs from mother to foetus via the placenta is also an example here. Yet another application of this type of immunityis in the case of snake bites or other poisoning, wherein the immunity has to be conferred immediately and hence, readymade antitoxins are administered to confer passive immunity.
Answer: Option C. -> caused by a virus
:
C
Common cold is caused by viruses called Rhinovirus. Antibiotics are anti-bacterial, hence viruses do not respond to antibiotics. Antibiotics mostly block the biochemical pathways which are important for the bacteria. But viruses do not use these pathways. Hence, antibiotics are not used for viral infections. The only method to combat viral infections is by means of vaccines or antiviral drugs. However, no vaccine or antiviral drug has been proved to completely cure common cold till now. But they may prove effective in milding the symptoms.
:
C
Common cold is caused by viruses called Rhinovirus. Antibiotics are anti-bacterial, hence viruses do not respond to antibiotics. Antibiotics mostly block the biochemical pathways which are important for the bacteria. But viruses do not use these pathways. Hence, antibiotics are not used for viral infections. The only method to combat viral infections is by means of vaccines or antiviral drugs. However, no vaccine or antiviral drug has been proved to completely cure common cold till now. But they may prove effective in milding the symptoms.
Answer: Option A. -> Both A and R are true and R explains A
:
A
Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a drug in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others, and is a form of substance-related disorder. This disorder causes severe physical trauma which affects their brain and also health. Thus according to the WHO definition of health, the drug addicted person's mental and social health are affected and the person cannot be called healthy.
:
A
Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a drug in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others, and is a form of substance-related disorder. This disorder causes severe physical trauma which affects their brain and also health. Thus according to the WHO definition of health, the drug addicted person's mental and social health are affected and the person cannot be called healthy.
Answer: Option A. -> True
:
A
Communicable diseases are those diseases which can be transmitted through an external agent (bacteria, virus, protozoa etc.) or from an infected person to a healthy but susceptible person. It can spread either through a vector or through agencies like food, water etc.
:
A
Communicable diseases are those diseases which can be transmitted through an external agent (bacteria, virus, protozoa etc.) or from an infected person to a healthy but susceptible person. It can spread either through a vector or through agencies like food, water etc.
Answer: Option A. -> True
:
A
Genetic predisposition is the major reason for autoimmune diseases, as the presence of certain alleles makes a person more susceptible to autoimmune diseases. However, research is still continuing in this field to identifythe exact reasons for this.
:
A
Genetic predisposition is the major reason for autoimmune diseases, as the presence of certain alleles makes a person more susceptible to autoimmune diseases. However, research is still continuing in this field to identifythe exact reasons for this.
Question 19. Match the disease in Column I with the respective symptoms in Column II:
Column IColumn II1. Rheumatoid arthritis(a) immune sytem attacks the joints2. Type I diabetes(b) immune system attacks the myelin sheath3. Multiple sclerosis(c) immune system destroys pancreatic cells4. Myasthenia gravis(d) immune system disrupts muscle contractions (e) immune sytem damages the adrenal gland
Column IColumn II1. Rheumatoid arthritis(a) immune sytem attacks the joints2. Type I diabetes(b) immune system attacks the myelin sheath3. Multiple sclerosis(c) immune system destroys pancreatic cells4. Myasthenia gravis(d) immune system disrupts muscle contractions (e) immune sytem damages the adrenal gland
Answer: Option A. -> 1 - a, 2 - c, 3 - b, 4 - d
:
A
Autoimmunity refers to the body’s development of intolerance to the antigens on its own cells i.e., there is an immune response to one’s own tissue antigens. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disaese in which the person's immune system attacks the joints. This results in inflammation and thickening of the joint. In type I diabetes, immune system destroys insuling producing pancreatic cells resulting in little or no insulin production by the body. Inmultiple sclerosis, the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibres and causes communication problems between brain and the spinal cord.Myasthenia gravisis a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body. Addison's disease arises from problems with the adrenal gland such that not enough of the steroid hormonecortisoland possiblyaldosteroneare produced,most often due todamage by the body's own immune system.
:
A
Autoimmunity refers to the body’s development of intolerance to the antigens on its own cells i.e., there is an immune response to one’s own tissue antigens. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disaese in which the person's immune system attacks the joints. This results in inflammation and thickening of the joint. In type I diabetes, immune system destroys insuling producing pancreatic cells resulting in little or no insulin production by the body. Inmultiple sclerosis, the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibres and causes communication problems between brain and the spinal cord.Myasthenia gravisis a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body. Addison's disease arises from problems with the adrenal gland such that not enough of the steroid hormonecortisoland possiblyaldosteroneare produced,most often due todamage by the body's own immune system.
Answer: Option A. -> There is an infection in my body
:
A
Lymph carries debris and pathogens as it reaches the lymph node. Lymph flows very slowly through the lymph nodes and that gives enough time for the immune cells to identify the pathogens and clear them. The swollen lymph nodes under armpits or neck are an indication of some infection and that the immune cells are actively working to get rid of the pathogens.
:
A
Lymph carries debris and pathogens as it reaches the lymph node. Lymph flows very slowly through the lymph nodes and that gives enough time for the immune cells to identify the pathogens and clear them. The swollen lymph nodes under armpits or neck are an indication of some infection and that the immune cells are actively working to get rid of the pathogens.
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