Answer: Option B. -> False
:
B

A woman is not responsible for the gender of her child. In humans, sex determination is of XX-XY type, i.e  XX is female and XY is male. A woman can produce eggs of only one type (containing X sex chromosome) whereas a male can produce both the types of sperms (containing either X or Y sex chromosome). The gender of the baby depends on which type of sperm fuses with the egg. If Y-containing sperm fuses with egg then the resulting baby will have XY combination and will be male. Similarly, if  X containing sperm fuses with the egg, the resulting baby will have XX combination and will be female. Thus, the man is responsible for the gender of the child.

Answer: Option A. -> Gregor Johann Mendel
:
A

Gregor Johann Mendel, also known as the 'Father of Genetics', postulated the Laws of Inheritance. Genetics is the branch of science which studies the different laws that govern inheritance and heredity in living organisms.

Answer: Option B. -> False
:
B

Variation in the genetic makeup forms the very basis for evolution of living organisms. The environmental forces influence the species in such a way that the better adapted and fit variants of the species survive. This results in the formation of a new variety of species with new set of desirabe characters leading to evolution.

Answer: Option A. -> Neanderthals
:
A
Neanderthals are the closest extinct ancestor of modern human beings. They both belong to the same genus (Homo) and shared 99.7% similarity in their DNA.

Answer: Option A. -> variations
:
A
Variations when combined with geographical isolation ensures that only the organisms that have well-adapted to the changing conditions will survive. This can lead to the emergence of a new species (well-adapted organisms), through a process called speciation.

Answer: Option D. -> Fossils
:
D

The preserved traces of living organisms like plants, animals, insects from remote past are known as fossils. Study of fossils is known as paleontology. Fossils are studied to understand the process of evolution and to establish evolutionary relationships.

Answer: Option B. -> outcome
:
B
Natural selection is the phenomenon wherein nature selects organisms having traits favourable to the environment. The organisms exhibit different characteristics due to different genotypes (variation). If these characteristics are favoured by the natural environment, the organisms with these variations survive and propagate, and may form different species. Thus, evolution is the outcome of natural selection.

Answer: Option A. -> Only 1 is correct
:
A

The first statement is correct as half of the genetic information of any individual comes from either of the parents. But, the second statement is incorrect as environment plays a role in determining the phenotype of the person. Both the genetic and environmental factors together determine the phenotypic expression of a gene in an individual.

Answer: Option A. -> alleles
:
A

All copies of a gene are not identical and alternative forms of a gene are called alleles. They lead to the alternative or different forms of one trait. 

Answer: Option C. -> Both 1 and 2 are true
:
C
Evolution is the process by which lot of diverse organisms are formed from earlier organisms over a span of millions of years. Humans are simply one more species in this spectrum of evolution of life on earth. We are not the last and ultimate of evolution. There could be more in evolution that can happen. All other organisms have their own status in evolution as well.