Answer: Option A. -> alleles
:
A
All copies of a gene are not identical and alternative forms of a gene are called alleles. They lead to the alternative or different forms of one trait.

Answer: Option B. -> False
:
B
The two populations of the beetles are separated by a river, due to which the migration between the two communities is limited, but not restricted. Due to this, there is only a minimum possibility gene flow between the two populations.

Answer: Option C. -> chimpanzee
:
C
Humans did not evolve from monkeys. Humans are more closely related to modern apes than to monkeys, but we didn't evolve from apes either. There existed a common ancestor for both the chimpanzees and humans, about 5-8 million years ago. Later, the two lineages diverged into two separate lineages. One of these lineages ultimately evolved into chimps and other apes, and the other evolved into early human ancestors called hominids.

Answer: Option C. -> Africa
:
C
According to fossils discovered up to present time, the origin and evolution of man started from Africa. Regardless of where we have lived for the past few thousand years, we all come from Africa. The earliest members of the human species, Homo sapiens, can be traced there. Even our genetic footprints can be traced back to our African roots. According to various models and theories,modern humans originated in Africa and started to disperse through the world roughly 50,000 to 100,000 years ago. Such theories are based on the human fossil timeline records.

Answer: Option A. -> True
:
A
$\bullet$ Set of observable characteristics in an organismis known as phenotype.
$\bullet$ An organism's phenotype is the morphological representation of its genotype.
$\bullet$ Few examples of phenotype are: Eye colour in humans, height in humans, flower colours in plants, height of plants, etc.

Answer: Option B. -> Modern forms of life may have evolved from earlier forms of life
:
B
Speciation is the formation of new species from the pre-existing ones. Since the fossils are found in different layers of sedimentary rock, It is evident thatolder layer contains older species and the newer layers contain newer species. The newer species are formed by changes or modifications in the older species.Thus, the similarities of fossils suggests the evolution of new species from the pre-existing ones.

Answer: Option C. -> 22
:
C
Humans have a total of 23 pairs of chromosomes, out of which 22 pairs are autosomes and 1 pair has sex chromosomes.
$\bullet$ The members of the autosomal pairs are homologous i.e., they are similar in shape and organisation.
$\bullet$ On the other hand, sex chomosomes or allosomes may be heterologous (in males) or homologous (in females).

Answer: Option B. -> False
:
B
A male gamete with anX chromosome, when it fuses with a female egg which always has an X chromosome, the offspring will have an XX chromosome pair. Thismeans the eventual offspring will be a female child. Sex determination in humans is based on XX-XY system where XX means female XY means male.

Answer: Option C. -> Heredity
:
C

The set of rules that determine the process by which traits and characteristics are reliably inherited is known as heredity. Heredity is also explained as 'tendency of the offspring to exhibit certain characters of parents or ancestors'.

Answer: Option B. -> False
:
B

Recessive traits do not get expressed in an individual until and unless they are present in homozygous condition. A dominant trait only can express itself in any condition i.e. homozygous or heterozygous.