Answer: Option C. -> Johannesburg, South Africa
:
C
At the World Summit on Sustainable Development, held in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002, biological diversity was addressed as the primary topic. The Summit also endorsed the target to achieve by 2010 - a significant reduction in the rate of biodiversity loss at global, regional and national levels as a contribution to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life on earth.

:
Arthropods or insects are the major kind of life forms present on earth. They make up 80% of the all invertebrate species that have been documented so far. Till date, about 950,000 species of arthropods have been documented.

Answer: Option C. -> Exclusively found in a zone
:
C
Humans are found globally in almost all parts of the world. But unlike humans, most animals and plants are restricted to certain specific geographical locations only. These species rarely survive when they are taken out of their natural habitat. Due to such high specificity of its natural habitat, a species is said to be endemic to a particular geographical location.

Answer: Option B. -> Area that has been colonised by the organisms
:
B
Explored area is the area that has been explored or colonised by organisms. It is different from the total area, in that regions that are not colonised or have not been explored do not form part of the explored area.

Answer: Option C. -> Genetic diversity
:
C
Genetic diversity in an ecosystem could lead to the formation of new species or at least new characters. A particular species can have individuals with different features due to the subtle difference in their genetic makeup.

Answer: Option B. -> The Western Ghats
:
B
The Western Ghats is a 'Biodiversity hotspot'. It is called so because of the high endemism in that particular region which results in increase of species richness and biological diversity. It consists of around 1500 plant species which are exclusively found only in that place.

Answer: Option D. -> The diversity among the organisms living in the region
:
D
Biodiversity literally refers to the variety of life or diversity of living organisms. It is seen in the number of species in an ecosystem or on the entire planet Earth.Biodiversity isused as a measure of the health of biological systems, and also to see if there is a danger that too many species become extinct.
Genetic diversity withinthe dominant species of aregion does not represent the biodiversity of that region.
"Species endemic to the region" refers to a species that belongs to the particularregion.
Endangered species are those species that are under the threat of extinction.

Answer: Option B. -> Endangered
:
B
Under the IUCN Red List, the species marked as endangered are the next in line to extinction. These species are of high priority for wildlife conservators. Marking a species as endangered highlights the threat it has of facing complete extinction.

Answer: Option C. -> Arthropoda
:
C
Insects, which come under the phylum Arthropoda, form the most abundant group in the Animal Kingdom. In fact, almost 60% of the animals known today are insect species. Vertebrata is a sub-phylum under the phylum Chordata.

Answer: Option B. -> Whaling
:
B
Whales are large mammals and they do not reproduce frequently enough to be present in millions. Their gestation period and growth rate are relatively slow. Yet, thousands of these animals are slaughtered every year for whale meat, blubber and oil. Today, more whales are killed as compared to those that get added to the population, which has led to a steep decline in their population. Whaling is thus, a classic example of over-exploitation by humans.