Answer: Option A
:
A
Option: (a)
The author is trying to illustrate the relation between rules, paradigms and normal sciences as is evident from 1^st paragraph, 1^st line.
Geography of the passage:
Para 1:
·To discover the relation between rules, paradigms, and normal science, consider first how the historian isolates the particular loci of commitment that have been described as accepted rules.
· What are paradigms
·Despite occasional ambiguities, the paradigms of a mature scientific community can be determined with relative ease.
Para 2:
· Second step: compare the community's paradigms with each other and with its current research reports to discover what isolable elements, explicit or implicit, the members of that community may have abstracted from their more global paradigms and deploy it as rules in their research.
·Search for rules: more difficult and less satisfying than search for paradigms.
Para 3:
· Search for a body of rules competent to constitute a given normal research tradition becomes a source of continual and deep frustration.
Para 4:
· Recognizing that frustration makes it possible to diagnose its source.
· Scientists can agree in their identification of a paradigm without agreeing on, or even attempting to produce, a full interpretation or rationalization of it.
· Normal science can be determined in part by direct inspection of paradigms.
·Existence of a paradigm need not even imply that a full set of rules exist.