Answer: Option D
Answer: (d)
Planning and control are two basic and interrelated managerial functions. They are so interrelated that they can be and often are considered as being one function.
Planning is the preparation activity while control is the post-operation function. Both of them are so closely related that they are treated as Siamese twins.
Planning sets the objectives, goals, targets on the basis of available resources with their given constraints. Control is an integral part of effective planning.
Similarly, control involves assessment of the performance, such assessment can be made effective only when some standards are set in advance.