Answer: Option C
:
C
Option: (c)
Answer options (a) and (b) are eliminated because they are not mentioned in the passage. Option (d) stands incorrect because it contradicts the author's idea that the problems faced by historians in establishing cause and effect relations in the history of human societies is not unique to them as mentioned in the 1^st paragraph, 1^st line. Whereas, option (c) can be inferred from the first few lines of the 3^rd paragraph wherein the author has talked about complex societies developed in isolation on large islands thus making answer option (c), the correct answer choice.