Answer: Option A. -> Soil water → Root hair → Cortex → Endodermis → Pericycle → Xylem
:
A
Epidermal root hairs absorb soil water and this water reaches endodermis through general cortex and ultimately reach the xylem through pericycle

Answer: Option C. -> A is true but R is false
:
C
Vein loading of the phloem at the source causes the source to become hypertonic. Thus water flows in and raises the hydrostatic pressure. This pressure helps in translocation towards the sink.

Answer: Option A. -> System has reached equilibrium
:
A
At equilibrium, in an osmotic system the forward movement of water is equal to the backward movement of water and hence net movement will be zero.

Answer: Option A. -> Water and sucrose
:
A
Phloem sap mainly consists of water and sucrose, but other sugars, hormones and amino acids are also present.

Answer: Option B. -> Substomatal cavity
:
B
Stomatal apparatus consists of guard cells, stoma and subsidiary cells.

Answer: Option D. -> Malate, potassium and chloride ions
:
D
Stomatal opening is brought about by increasingtheturgidity of the guard cells. And the turgor pressure in these cells increases due to increase in the concentration of different ions, including potassium ions, which are transported inside the cell through the exchange of protons. Chloride is also taken up into the cell. The protons that are exchanged for potassium are formed due to the accumulation of malic acid, which gives away a proton to form malate and hydrogen ion.

Answer: Option A. -> True
:
A
In the outer membranes of plastids, mitochondria and some bacteria porins are present. They allow molecules, upto size of small proteins to pass through.

Answer: Option B. -> False
:
B
Mineral ions are diffuse out of the xylem vessels at the vein endings. But these mineral ions do not enter the cells passively, instead are actively absorbed by the surrounding cells. Passive transport is through facilitates diffusion that does not require energy and active transport uses ATP or other energy sources for uptake.

Answer: Option C. -> Imbibition
:
C
Imbibitionis a form of diffusion wherewater is absorbed by solids or colloidal substances and it does not form a solution; instead, the water imbibed gets associated with the highlyhydrophilic solid substances. Swelling of raisins when immersed in water is an example of imbibition.Imbibition occurs throughpassive transportand does not require energy.

Answer: Option A. -> Proteins, starch, cellulose
:
A
Imbibition is the process of absorption of water by solid or colloidal substances. Swelling of seeds when immersed in water is an example of imbibition. Imbibition is the temporary increase in the volume of the cell. Imbibition is a passive transport of materials that does not require energy during the process.​ Different organic substances have different imbibing capacities. Proteins have very high imbibing capacity, higherthan starch and starch has a higher imbibing capacity than cellulose.