Answer: Option C. -> Biodiversity
:
C
The number and types of organisms present on earth is known as biodiversity. In simple words, it refers to the variety of life.

Answer: Option D. -> Class
:
D
A herbarium is a store house of collected plant specimens that are dried, pressed and preserved on sheets. Further, these sheets are arrangedaccording to a universally accepted system of classification. These specimens, along with their descriptions on herbarium sheets, become a storehouse or repository for future use. The herbarium sheets also carry a label providing information about date and place of collection, English, local and botanical names, family, collector’s name, etc. The class to which the plant belongs is generally not required for the herbarium sheet.

Answer: Option B. -> Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
:
B
Phylogeny deals with the evolutionaryhistory of individuals or groups of organisms.Species is the basic unit of taxonomy. It is the natural population of individuals or group of population which resemble one another in the generalmorphological and reproductive characters. So they are all able to interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring.

Answer: Option C. -> There are many organisms which do not reproduce
:
C
Organisms such as mules, sterile worker bees, and even infertile human individuals cannot reproduce. Thus, reproduction cannot be an all-inclusive defining characteristic of living organisms. However, nonon-living object is capable of reproducing or self-replicating.

Answer: Option D. -> Species
:
D
The majorcategories in taxonomy (in descending order) are Kingdom, Division or Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. Species is thus, the smallest group, while Kingdom is the largest. Thus, considering the characteristics in each of these taxa, the most general characters would apparently be found at the Kingdom level, while the most specific (or less general) characteristics would be seen at the species level. For example, characteristics of Kingdom Animalia would be very general, while the characteristics of a species under it,Homo sapiens, would be much more specific.

Answer: Option B. -> The offspring is infertile 
:
B
When members belonging to the same genus, but different species interbreed, they could produce a sterile/infertile offspring. The most well-known example is that of the mule, which is the product of a cross between a male donkey and a female horse. These belong to the same genus Equus, but different species.

Answer: Option D. -> Family
:
D
A group of genera having similar characters comprise a family. In biological classification, family is one of the eight major/obligate taxonomic ranks; it is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks above the rank of genus. In vernacular usage, a family may be named after one of its common members. e.g., Blattidae - Thefamily of common household cockroaches (Blattais a commonly seen genus of cockroach).

Answer: Option B. -> A taxonomic group of any ranking
:
B
A taxon (plural: taxa) is a category of any ranking in the system of classification of organisms. The major taxa are Kingdom, Phylum or Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Answer: Option A. -> Systematics
:
A
Study of different kinds of organisms, their diversity and the evolutionary relationships among them is called systematics. Approximately 8.7 million species of different living organisms have been identified since the application of this system and even today about 50 new organisms are being discovered on a daily basis.

Answer: Option A. -> Decrease
:
A
In the Linnaean system of hierarchy, as we go from species to kingdom, the number of common characters decreases, while in the descending order, the number of common characteristics increases. For example, any genus (lower grade of classification) has members with more similarities as compared to a family (ahigher grade of classification) which has members with fewer similarities among them.