Questions and answers for exam Preparation

MCQs

Total Questions : 100 | Page 6 of 10 pages

Question 51. Which of the following is untrue about distance based methods?

The computed evolutionary distances can be used to construct a matrix of distances between all individual pairs of taxa
Clustering is the only method among the algorithms for the distance-based tree-building method
The clustering-type algorithms compute a tree based on a distance matrix starting from the most similar sequence pairs
Based on the pairwise distance scores in the matrix, a phylogenetic tree can be constructed for all the taxa involved

Discuss Question

Answer: Option B. -> Clustering is the only method among the algorithms for the distance-based tree-building method
Answer: (b).Clustering is the only method among the algorithms for the distance-based tree-building method

Question 52. The basic assumption of the UPGMA method is that all taxa evolve at a constant rate and that they are equally distant from the root, implying that a molecular clock is in effect.

True
False
May be True or False
Can't say

Discuss Question

Answer: Option A. -> True
Answer: (a).True

Question 53. Which of the following is untrue about the Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Average?

The simplest clustering method is UPGMA, which builds a tree by a sequential clustering method
Given a distance matrix, it starts by grouping two taxa with the largest pairwise distance in the distance matrix
The distances between this new composite taxon and all remaining taxa are calculated to create a reduced matrix
The grouping process is repeated and another newly reduced matrix is created

Discuss Question

Answer: Option B. -> Given a distance matrix, it starts by grouping two taxa with the largest pairwise distance in the distance matrix
Answer: (b).Given a distance matrix, it starts by grouping two taxa with the largest pairwise distance in the distance matrix

Question 54. In the Neighbor Joining step, The UPGMA method uses unweighted distances and assumes that all taxa have constant evolutionary rates.

True
False
May be True or False
Can't say

Discuss Question

Answer: Option A. -> True
Answer: (a).True

Question 55. Corrects for unequal evolutionary rates between sequences by using a conversion step. This conversion requires the calculations of “r-values” and “transformed r-values” using the following formula ______

dᴀʙ’ = dᴀʙ − 1/4 × (rᴀ + rʙ)
dᴀʙ’ = dᴀʙ − 1/2 × (rᴀ + rʙ)
dᴀʙ’ = dᴀʙ − 1/3 × (rᴀ + rʙ)
dᴀʙ’ = (dᴀʙ/3) − 1/2 × (rᴀ + rʙ)

Discuss Question

Answer: Option B. -> dᴀʙ’ = dᴀʙ − 1/2 × (rᴀ + rʙ)
Answer: (b).dᴀʙ’ = dᴀʙ − 1/2 × (rᴀ + rʙ)

Question 56. Phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary history of living organisms using treelike diagrams to represent pedigrees of these organisms.

True
False
May be True or False
Can't say

Discuss Question

Answer: Option A. -> True
Answer: (a).True

Question 57. The descriptions of morphological traits are often _____ which are due to _____

ambiguous, multiple genetic factors
lucid, more than one genetic factors
clear, multiple genetic factors
ambiguous, one or two genetic factors

Discuss Question

Answer: Option A. -> ambiguous, multiple genetic factors
Answer: (a).ambiguous, multiple genetic factors

Question 58. To use molecular data to reconstruct evolutionary history requires making a number of reasonable assumptions. Which of the following is incorrect about it?

The molecular sequences used in phylogenetic construction are homologous
The molecular sequences used in phylogenetic construction share a common origin
Phylogenetic divergence cannot be bifurcating
Parent branch splits into two daughter branches at any given point

Discuss Question

Answer: Option C. -> Phylogenetic divergence cannot be bifurcating
Answer: (c).Phylogenetic divergence cannot be bifurcating

Question 59. Building phylogenetic tree involves bifurcation and multifurcation.

True
False
May be True or False
Can't say

Discuss Question

Answer: Option A. -> True
Answer: (a).True

Question 60. Which of the following is incorrect regarding the advantages of Molecular data for phylogenetics study?

They are more numerous than fossil records
They are easier to obtain as compared to fossil records
Sampling bias is involved
More clear-cut and robust phylogenetic trees can be constructed with the molecular data

Discuss Question

Answer: Option C. -> Sampling bias is involved
Answer: (c).Sampling bias is involved