Answer: Option C. -> Forms very hard carbides and thus increases wear resistance
The effects of Vanadium refines grain size, increases hardenability, fracture toughness, and resistance to shock loading. Softening at high temperatures, fatigue stress and wear resistance are improved. At greater than 0.05%, there may be a tendency for the steel to become embrittled during thermal stress relief treatments.
Vanadium is used in nitriding, heat resisting, tool and spring steels together with other alloying elements.

Answer: Option A. -> Greater than 7
Basic solution is one which has pH value Greater than 7

Answer: Option C. -> Equal to 7
Neutral solution is one which has pH value Equal to 7

Answer: Option B. -> Decreases
The toughness of a material decrease when it is heated.

Answer: Option B. -> Less than 7
Acidic solution is one which has pH value Less than 7

Answer: Option C. -> Brittle material
Cast iron is brittle, hard, and non-malleable.
It can't be bent, stretched, or hammered into shape.
Its weak tensile strength means that it will fracture before it bends or distorts.

Answer: Option C. -> An alloy of iron and carbon with varying quantities of phosphorus and sulphur
Most-common type of steel that contains about 0.1 to 0.3 percent carbon.
In general, increase in the amount of carbon reduces ductility but increases tensile strength and the ability to harden through tempering.
As an industry-wide practice, steel that does not contain any specified or standard amount of one or more alloying elements (such as chromium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, vanadium) to be classified as alloy steel is called carbon steel

Answer: Option B. -> Its elastic limit close to the ultimate breaking strength
cast iron properties are listed below:
It has three to five times more compression strength compared to steel
It has Good machinability (gray cast iron)
It has excellent anti-vibration (or damping) properties hence it is used to make machine frames
It has good Sensibility
It has excellent resistance to wear
It has constant Mechanical properties between 20 to 350 degree Celsius
It has very low notch sensitivity
It has Low stress concentration
It bears Low cost
It is Durability
It has Resistance to deformation

Answer: Option D. -> 0.8 to 1.5%
High carbon steel carries carbon percentage of 0.8 to 1.5%

Answer: Option B. -> 0.35 to 0.45%
Carbon steel - carbon range 0.35 to 0.45%
40c8 actually gives you the carbon and manganese value in the steel.
this designation is mostly used for plain carbon steels.
It's a percentage of Carbon (letter C) in the steel.