Question 31. A low value of time constant can be achieved for a thermocouple by
(i) Increasing the wire diameter
(ii) Increasing the value heat transfer coefficient
(iii) Use light metals of low density and low specific heat
Identify the correct statements

Question 32. How does the body temperature falls or rises with time?

Question 33. An iron billet (k = 65 W/m K) measuring 20 * 15 * 80 cm is exposed to a convective flow resulting in convection coefficient of 11.5 W/m² K. Determine the Biot number

Question 34. A mercury thermometer with bulb idealized as a sphere of 1 mm radius is used for measuring the temperature of fluid whose temperature is varying at a fast rate. For mercury
k = 10 W/m K
α = 0.00005 m²/s
h = 10 W/m² K
If the time for the temperature change of the fluid is 3 second, what should be the radius of thermocouple to read the temperature of the fluid?
For the thermocouple material
k = 100 W/m K
α = 0.0012 m²/s
h = 18 W/m² K

Question 35. A thermocouple junction of spherical form is to be used to measure the temperature of the gas stream. The junction is at 20 degree Celsius and is placed in a gas stream which is at 200 degree Celsius. Make calculations for junction diameter needed for the thermocouple to have thermal time constant of one second. Assume the thermos-physical properties as given below
k = 20 W/ m K
h = 350 W/m² K
c = 0.4 k J/kg K
p = 8000 kg/m³

Question 36. A flat wall of fire clay, 50 cm thick and initially at 25 degree Celsius, has one of its faces suddenly exposed to a hot gas at 950 degree Celsius. If the heat transfer coefficient on the hot side is 7.5 W/m² K and the other face of the wall is insulated so that no heat passes out of that face, determine the time necessary to raise the center of the wall to 350 degree Celsius. For fire clay brick
Thermal conductivity = 1.12 W/m K
Thermal diffusivity = 5.16 * 10¯⁷ m²/s

Question 37. “The response of a thermocouple is defined as the time required for the thermocouple to reach the surrounding temperature when it is exposed to it”. Choose the correct answer

Question 38. A thermocouple junction of spherical form is to be used to measure the temperature of the gas stream. The junction is at 20 degree Celsius and is placed in a gas stream which is at 200 degree Celsius. Make calculations for time required by the thermocouple to reach 197 degree Celsius temperature. Assume the thermos-physical properties as given below
k = 20 W/ m K
h = 350 W/m² K
c = 0.4 k J/kg K
p = 8000 kg/m³

Question 39. The sensitivity of thermocouple is defined as the time required by thermocouple to reach how much percentage of its steady state values?

Question 40. The response time for different sizes and materials of thermocouple wires usually lie between