Answer: Option A. -> Land revenue reforms
Answer: (a)

Answer: Option B. -> 2 3 4 1
Answer: (b)
Iqta was introduced by Delhi Sultans while Jagir was introduced by Mughals. Amaram was introduced by the Vijaynagar Empire. Mokasa was introduced by Maratha. ‘Iqta’ is an Arabic word, which became a tool of administration in Islamicate traditions.
The land pieces assigned to military chiefs were called Amaram during Vijayanagar empire.
Two-thirds of the collections however remained with the Maratha sardars who collected the taxes and they used it for maintaining their troops for the Chhatrapati.
This part of the levy was called mokasa. The chauth along with sardeshmukhi levies ensured a steady and large stream of income for the Marathas and helped them expand their armies beyond the swarajya territories of Shivaji.

Answer: Option D. -> Abul Fazl
Answer: (d)
Abul Fazal was the author of ‘Ain-i-Akbari’.
The Akbarnama is a document of the history of Akbar’s reign and his ancestors spread over three volumes. It contains the history of Akbar’s ancestors from Timur to Humayun, Akbar’s reign up to the 46th regnal year (1602), and an administrative report of Akbar’s empire, the Ain-i-Akbari, which itself is in three volumes. The third volume of Ain-i-Akbari gives an account of the ancestry and life of the author.
The Ain-i-Akbari was completed in the 42nd regnal year, but a slight addition was made to it in the 43rd regnal year on the account of the conquest of Berar.

Answer: Option B. -> Nayak
Answer: (b)

Answer: Option C. -> 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: (c)
Regarding the treaty of Purandhar Shivaji had to surrender 23 out of 35 forts to the Mughals. He agreed to send his son Shambhaji in service of the Mughal. Shambhaji granted a mansab of 5000. Shivaji also assisted the Mughal commanders during the Bijapur expeditions. On 11th June 1665, Mirza Raja Jai Singh received Shivaji at the foot of the Purandar fort, then being besieged by him, the fall was imminent.
Shivaji now agreed to conclude the famous treaty of Purandar (12-13 June 1665). He had to give up his forts at Purandar, Rudramal, Kondhana, Khandagla, Lohagad, Isagad, Tung, Tikona, Rohida, Nardurga, Mahuli, Bhandardurga, Palaskhol, Rupgad, Bakhtgad, Morabkhan, Manikgad, Saroopgad, Sakargad, Marakgad, Ankola, Songad, and Maangad.

Answer: Option D. -> 3 1 2 4
Answer: (d)
Battle of Bahadurgarh occurred in Feb 1658.
Battle of Dharmat happened in April 1658.
Battle of Samugarh happened in June 1658.
Battle of Deorai happened in April 1659.

Answer: Option B. -> 1, 4, 5
Answer: (b)

Answer: Option A. -> Sarkar
Answer: (a) During the Mughal period, district was called Sarkar. In the 16th century, the Mughal emperor Akbar organised the empire into Subahs, which were further subdivided into Sarkars, roughly the equivalent of districts, which were themselves organised into Parganas. In the Mughal system, Parganas served as the local administrative units of a Sarkar

Answer: Option A. -> 2 1 4 3
Answer: (a)

Answer: Option C. -> Shahjahan
Answer: (c)
Shahjahan abolished the Persian court custom of Sijda. Shahjahan also abolished the discipleship ritual and other practices of his father and grandfather.
This pleased the orthodox Muslims immensely. The tradition of Khanazadgi, born to the house, was maintained, in which high-ranking nobles (Amirs) were identified as the emperor’s extended household.
Khanazadgi and the hereditary service associated with it applied to officers in a high position and in financial administration (Diwans, etc.)