Fast breathing: 1 Mark
Respiration: 1 Mark
Side effect: 1 Mark
Other type of respiration: 1 Mark
Equations: 1 Mark
Our body needs energy for all activities. While doing heavy exercises like running, there is more demand for energy to perform those activities.
During running, due to lack of oxygen, some muscles may respire anaerobically and form lactic acid. The accumulation of lactic leads to muscle cramps, a side effect of this type of respiration. This respiration in muscle cells in the absence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration.
Extra oxygen is required to burn this lactic acid into carbon dioxide and water. Hence an athlete breathes faster and deeper than usual after finishing a race. 
The other kind of respiration is the aerobic respiration is the process that happens in most of the animals. It involves breaking up of glucose into carbon dioxide and water in the presence of oxygen with release of energy. 
Equations:
Aerobic:
$C_6{H}_{12}{O}_6+6O_2\to 6C{O}_2+6H_{2}O$
Anaerobic:
$C_6{H}_{12}{O}_6=2C_2{H}_{5}OH+2C{O}_2+2ATP$

The food we eat is digested into smaller particles. The nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are absorbed into the blood which transports it to all parts of the body. Of these nutrients, glucose is taken up by cells and broken down to produce carbon dioxide and water with the release of energy. This energy is used to carry out all life processes. Carbon dioxide that is produced during this process is expelled out of the body during exhalation. 

In both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, glucose is broken down to release energy. In aerobic respiration the break down of glucose occurs in presence of oxygen and in anaerobic respiration, it occurs in the absence of oxygen.

The air which we breathe in and breathe out is not pure oxygen or carbon dioxide respectively. Inhaled air is a mixture of different gases present in the atmosphere. It contains around 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.04% of carbon dioxide and other gases.

Earthworms breathe through their skin. Frogs, when present in water, breathe through their moist skin. This kind of exchange of gases is called as cutaneous respiration. In insects like cockroaches, breathing takes place through a network of fine tubes called tracheae. Birds breathe through their lungs.

Stomata are small pores present on the lower surface of green leaves of plants. They are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Excess water is also removed from the plant through the stomata. This process is called transpiration.

Lungs get seriously damaged by smoking. Cigarette smoke contains chemicals such as tar and nicotine which heavily damage the alveoli. Long term smoking also increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Cellular respiration or respiration is the process by which cells breakdown glucose to realease energy. Carbon dioxide and water are also released in the process. This can happen in the presence or absence of oxygen. When respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen, it is called aerobic respiration. If it happens in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

During anaerobic respiration, lactic acid is produced. This happens when the demand for energy is more and supply of oxygen is less, mainly during heavy exercise. The lactic acid thus formed is broken down by the supply of oxygen.

• Inhalation/inspiration is the process of taking in of air through nose and passing it towards the lungs through the trachea (wind pipe).


• Exhalation/expiration  is the process by which, the air is expelled from the body back into the atmosphere.


• Breathing is a physical process that involves both inhalation and exhalation. 


• Respiration is a chemical process which involves breakdown of glucose into water vapour and carbon dioxide in the presence of oxygen and energy is released in the form of ATP.