Efficiency is concerned with the optimum utilisation of resources and performing a task with minimum time and effort.

 Mr. X is a branch manager for Microsoft. He comes under supervisory management

Specific, short-term statements detailing how to achieve an organization's goals is known as its objectives.

 Coordinating people and human resources to accomplish organizational goals is the process of leadership.

Measuring results against corporate objectives would be included in the  "controlling function".

Technical skills are most important for first-line managers.

Empowerment is related to directing.

An example of an effective standard for a control system would be planning to increase sales of product A from 5,000 to 10,000 per month by December of next year.

Tactical planning refers to the process of developing detailed, short-term strategies about what is the be done, who is to do it, and how it is to be done.