Answer: Option A. -> Extreme low temperatures of Antarctica inhibits microbial growth.
:
A
Microorganisms thrive usually in hot and humid climatic conditions. The temperature in Antarctica remains below zero degree Celsius, which does not allow the microbes to grow as fast they would grow in other places. Hence, food does not get spoiled as quickly as it does in other parts of the world. In places like Delhi, the temperature in summer is most appropriate for fast microbial growth. Under the favorable environmental conditions, the microorganism increases their population so fast thus causingspoilage of the food. Hence, they had to store food in the refrigerator in Delhi to prevent them from spoilage.

Answer: Option A. -> True
:
A
Microbial diseases thatspread from an infected person to a healthy person through air, water, food or physical contact are called communicable diseases or infectious diseases.Malaria,measles and some respiratory illnesses are examples of infectious diseases.

Answer: Option B. -> Vibrio cholerae
:
B
Based on the shape, bacterial cells can be coccus (spherical), bacillus (rod-shaped), spirilla (spiral), vibrio (comma-shaped), etc. Vibrio choleraeis a comma-shaped bacteriumwhich causes cholera. The major symptom of cholera is severe diarrhoea with subsequent water loss from the body. If the patients are not treated well and their water lossis not compensated, they can suffer from severe dehydration.

Answer: Option B. -> Vibrio cholerae
:
A
Chlamydomonas:

This is Chlamydomonas, a type of algae. They are found in stagnant water,freshwater,seawater etc.
Amoeba:

This is an irregularly shaped protozoan called amoeba.
Aspergillus:

This is a fungus belonging to the genus Aspergillus.
Penicillium:

This is afungus belonging tothe genus Penicillium.

Answer: Option B. -> Vibrio cholerae
:
B
Based on the shape, bacterial cells can be coccus (spherical), bacillus (rod-shaped), spirilla (spiral), vibrio (comma-shaped), etc. Vibrio choleraeis a comma-shaped bacteriumwhich causes cholera. The major symptom of cholera is severe diarrhoea with subsequent water loss from the body. If the patients are not treated well and their water lossis not compensated, they can suffer from severe dehydration.

Answer: Option A. -> True
:
A
Jonas Salk developed the first effective poliomyelitis (polio) vaccine which consisted of inactivated poliovirus.

Answer: Option A. -> Pasteurization
:
A
Pasteurization is a process in which milk is heated to about 70${}^o$Cfor15 to 30 seconds and then suddenly chilled and stored. By doing so, it prevents the growth of microbes.This process was discovered by Louis Pasteur and hence is called pasteurization.

Answer: Option B. -> False
:
B
Vaccines comprise dead, inactivated or weakened microorganisms. This preparation can either be injected or administered orally, depending on the type of vaccine. It helps develop immunity against the pathogen administered. Examples of vaccines are measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)vaccineand the varicella (chickenpox)vaccine.

Answer: Option B. -> Clostridum tetani
:
B
Common first signs oftetanusare a headache and muscularstiffness in the jaw (lockjaw) followed by stiffness of the neck, difficulty swallowing, hardening of abdominal muscles,spasms,sweating, andfever. Symptoms usually begin around eight days after infection, but may range in onset from three days to three weeks.

Answer: Option A. -> Extreme low temperatures of Antarctica inhibits microbial growth.
:
A

Microorganisms thrive usually in hot and humid climatic conditions. The temperature in Antarctica remains below zero degree Celsius, which does not allow the microbes to grow as fast they would grow in other places. Hence, food does not get spoiled as quickly as it does in other parts of the world. In places like Delhi, the temperature in summer is most appropriate for fast microbial growth. Under the favorable environmental conditions, the microorganism increases their population so fast thus causing spoilage of the food. Hence, they had to store food in the refrigerator in Delhi to prevent them from spoilage.