When acids react with carbonates water, carbon dioxide and salt are produced. In general:

acid + metal carbonate  $\to$ salt + water + carbon dioxide

Mineral or inorganic acids are derived from inorganic or non-living materials. 
Few examples - Sulphuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid.
Acids obtained from living materials, i.e., plants and animals are known as organic acids.
Few examples - Oxalic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid.

This statement is false. On heating sodium hydrogen carbonate it decomposes to form sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide.

${2NaHCO}_3$ →  ${Na}_2{CO}_3$ + ${CO}_2$ + $H_{2}O$

Indigestion causes acidity in the stomach. We take antacids, which are basic in nature, to neutralise the acidity. However, they cannot treat more serious problems like appendicitis, stomach ulcer, etc. Example of antacids are aluminium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, etc.

An acid reacts with a base to form salt and water. 
For example, when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide solution, sodium chloride and water are formed. This is called as neutralisation reaction.
NaOH + HCl $\to$ NaCl + $H_{2}O$

The most commonly used indicator in the laboratory is 'Universal Indicator'. A universal indicator is a pH indicator composed of a solution of several compounds that exhibits several smooth colour changes over a pH value range from 1 to 14 to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of solutions.

Mineral acids like hydrochloric acid $\left(\text{HCl}\right)$ and sulphuric acid $\left({\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\right)$ are strong acids as they dissociate easily to release ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ions.

Basic salts are formed from the neutralisation reaction between a strong base and a weak acid.
Here, sodium acetate (${\text{CH}}_3\text{COONa}$) is a basic salt because it is formed from the reaction between sodium hydroxide which is a strong base ($\text{NaOH}$) and acetic acid (${\text{CH}}_3\text{COOH}$) which is a weak acid. The reaction involved is given below:
 $\text{NaOH(aq)}+{\text{CH}}_3\text{COOH(aq)}\to {\text{CH}}_3\text{COONa(aq)}+{\text{H}}_2\text{O(aq)}$
Hydrochloric acid ($\text{HCl}$) is an acid, sodium chloride ($\text{NaCl}$) is a neutral salt and tin chloride (${\text{SnCl}}_2$) is an acidic salt.