Tinkathiya was a system of agricultural exploitation, prevalent in north India, especially in Champaran district of Bihar, where the peasants had to pay a certain portion (1/3rd) of the grains produced by them to the landlords. The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was initiated by Mahatma Gandhi to oppose this system.

Explanation:
• Tinkathiya was a system of agricultural exploitation, prevalent in north India, especially in Champaran district of Bihar.
• According to this system, the peasants had to pay a certain portion (1/3rd) of the grains produced by them to the landlords.
• The peasants were also forced to cultivate indigo instead of food crops and this led to a fall in their living standards.
• The peasants were extremely poor and were not able to pay the rent demanded by the landlords.
• They were also not allowed to leave the village and were forced to stay in the same village.
• The landlords also used to oppress the peasants and denied them basic rights.
• The peasants were also not allowed to take their grievances to the court of law.
• When Mahatma Gandhi came to know about this exploitation he decided to take action against it and launched the Champaran Satyagraha of 1917.
• The main aim of this Satyagraha was to oppose the Tinkathiya system and to free the peasants from the oppression of the landlords.
• Gandhi convinced the peasants to refuse to pay the landlords and to take a stand against the exploitation.
• He also mobilized support from the people of India and the British government to oppose the Tinkathiya system.
• Ultimately, the Satyagraha was successful and the Tinkathiya system was abolished.

Conclusion:
Therefore, it can be concluded that the main grievance of the peasants in the Champaran Satyagraha (1917) was regarding the Tinkathiya systems.

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