A.  
By reasoning we mean the mental process of drawing an inference from
two or more statements or going from the inference to the statements which
yield that inference.
B.   So logical
reasoning covers those types of questions which imply drawing an inference
from the problems.
C.   Logic means, if we take its
original meaning, the science of valid reasoning.
D.   Clearly, for understanding
arguments and for drawing the inference correctly it is necessary that we
should understand the statements first.
(CAT 1998)