Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: A bell shaped pyramid represents constant population and is also called stationary or near stationary population pyramids. It displays somewhat equal numbers or percentages for almost age groups.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The Triangular Pyramid explains expanding population and usually a feature of developing countries like India. 

Statement 3 is incorrect: A pyramid of narrow base and tapered top explains declining population like that of Japan. The Japan pyramid has a narrow base and a tapered top showing low birth and death rates.

Explanation  

Statement 1 is correct: A population pyramid is a graphical representation of the age and sex composition of a specific population. It consists of two histograms, one for each gender (by convention, men on the left and women on the right) where the numbers are shown horizontally and the ages vertically.

Statement 2 is incorrect: It depends on interactions between fertility, mortality and migrations. The shape of the pyramid and its variations over the years depend, above all, on the variations in fertility. 

Explanation

The three-staged model of Demographic Transition Theory: The first stage has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply.

Statement 1 is correct: Fertility remains high in the beginning of the second stage but it declines with time. This is accompanied by reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions lead to decline in mortality.

Statement 2 is correct: In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either stable or grows slowly. The population becomes urbanised, literate and has high technical know-how and deliberately controls the family size.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Inland Ports are located away from the sea coast. They are linked to the sea through a river or a canal. Such ports are accessible to flat bottom ships or barges. For example, Manchester is linked with a canal and Kolkata is located on the river Hooghly, a branch of the river Ganga.

Statement 2 is correct: Out Ports are deep water ports built away from the actual ports. These serve the parent ports by receiving those ships which are unable to approach them due to their large size. Classic combination, for example, is Athens and its port Piraeus in Greece.

Explanation: Demographic transition theory can be used to describe and predict the future population of any area. The theory tells us that the population of any region changes from high births and high deaths to low births and low deaths to achieve a stable population as society progresses from rural agrarian and illiterate to urban industrial and literate society. The population becomes urbanised, literate and has high technical knowhow and deliberately controls the family size thus achieving a stable population. These changes occur in stages which are collectively known as the demographic cycle.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct. Panama Canal connects the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. It has been constructed across the Panama Isthmus between Panama City and Colon by the U.S. government which purchased 8 km of area on either side and named it the Canal Zone.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez. It is often considered to define the border between Africa and Asia. It gives Europe a new gateway to the Indian Ocean and reduces direct sea-route distance between Liverpool and Colombo compared to the Cape of Good Hope route.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: Quaternary activity is a type of a tertiary sector which is based on knowledge. It is centred around research and development and may be seen as an advanced form of services involving specialised knowledge, technical skills and administrative competence. For example, IT professionals, doctors, mutual fund managers etc fall under this category. 

Statement 2 is correct: The highest level of decision makers or policy makers perform quinary activities. These are subtly different from the knowledge based industries that the quinary sector in general deals with. They are often referred to as gold collar professionals.