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Reasoning Aptitude

CRITICAL REASONING MCQs

Total Questions : 30 | Page 3 of 3 pages
Question 21. Read the above Passage, answer the below question.Which of the following can be inferred from the minister's comment?
  1.    A
  2.    B
  3.    C
  4.    D
  5.    E
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option C. -> C


The ministry commented that yoga training should be imparted to the army personnel. From this it can be inferred that yoga is not part of training provided to army personnel. Hence, (C) can be inferred.


Question 22. The number of instances where judges have made unwanted remarks in open courts against other constitutional/ statutory bodies or persons who were not before them is increasing. There is a need to bring such behaviour of judges within the purview of judicial standards.Which of the following is an assumption implicit in the above passage?
  1.    There is a set of judicial standards which the judges are expected to follow.
  2.    Till now no one has set any standards for judges.
  3.    It is not desirable for the judges to pass such comments on other constitutional/ statutory bodies in their absence.
  4.    Freedom of expression cannot be exercised while in official capacity.
  5.    None of these
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option C. -> It is not desirable for the judges to pass such comments on other constitutional/ statutory bodies in their absence.


The passage states that the behaviour of the judges such as commenting on other constitutional/ statutory bodies or persons should be brought under judicial standards. This indicates that there are certain standards already existing. Hence, (A) can be inferred from the passage.

Choice (B) contradicts the information given in the passage.The first sentence in the passage states that the number of instances is increasing. This statement does not mention whether it is a good sign or not. The latter statement wants this behaviour to be brought under judicial statements. From this it is clear that the assumption involved is that such behaviour is not desirable. Hence, (C) is the assumption implicit in the passage.The passage is referring to passing particular kind of comments but it is not against every kind of comment. Hence, (D) cannot be concluded.Choice (C) is the assumption.


Question 23. It may prudent to bear with a small harm for a greater benefit. Problem arises when the harm has the power to endanger future generations. Research has consistently shown that frequent exposure X-rays can cause cells in human body to be destroyed or mutated, apart from this it can cause damage to DNA cell structure, a bane that could be passed down for generations. Doctors, unmindful of such consequences, subject the patients to exposure to X-rays, even in the cases in which it can be avoided.Which of the following is a course of action that can be pursued?
  1.    Doctors should not recommend X-ray treatment unless it is unavoidable.
  2.    Manufacturers should provide remote controls for X-ray machines so that doctors can operate it from a distance.
  3.    Manufacturers should incorporate such features in their machines to regulate radiation to the patients.
  4.    Patients should not go to the hospitals which use X-rays in the treatment of patients.
  5.    None of these
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option A. -> Doctors should not recommend X-ray treatment unless it is unavoidable.


The courses of action suggested in (D) leads to new problems because usages of X-rays becomes essential in some causes.Use of remote control can only save the operator from exposure to X-rays but not to the patients. Hence, (B) is not a proper course of action. Choice (C) is based on an assumption that X-ray radiation is not regulated. Hence, (C) does not follow. Choice (D), does not yield ant positive result as there will not be any cure for some diseases without X-ray radiation. Hence (D) does not follow. Here the problem is that doctors are recommending X-ray treatment where there is no need. Hence, they should think twice before recommending. Hence, (A) is a proper course of action.


Question 24. It may prudent to bear with a small harm for a greater benefit. Problem arises when the harm has the power to endanger future generations. Research has consistently shown that frequent exposure X-rays can cause cells in human body to be destroyed or mutated, apart from this it can cause damage to DNA cell structure, a bane that could be passed down for generations. Doctors, unmindful of such consequences, subject the patients to exposure to X-rays, even in the cases in which it can be avoided.Which of the following can be concluded/ inferred from the above passage?
  1.    Doctors think of other consequences of the treatment they provide to the patients.
  2.    All the hospitals have X-ray machines.
  3.    There are no government directives regarding the manufacture of X-ray machines.
  4.    One cannot do away with X-ray machines in treating the patients.
  5.    None of these
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option E. -> None of these


From the passage it is clear that the doctors do not think of using the X-ray machines. Hence, (A) cannot be concluded. The context of the passage is not about the number of hospitals that use X-ray machines. Similarly, (C) is also out of context. The passage is not referring to availability of alternatives to X-rays or otherwise. Hence, (D) cannot be concluded.


Question 25. The number of instances where judges have made unwanted remarks in open courts against other constitutional/ statutory bodies or persons who were not before them is increasing. There is a need to bring such behaviour of judges within the purview of judicial standards.Which of the following can be inferred/concluded from the given information?
  1.    There is a set of judicial standards which the judges are expected to follow.
  2.    Till now no one has set any standards for judges.
  3.    It is not desirable for the judges to pass such comments on other constitutional/ statutory bodies in their absence.
  4.    Freedom of expression cannot be exercised while in official capacity.
  5.    None of these
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option A. -> There is a set of judicial standards which the judges are expected to follow.


The passage states that the behaviour of the judges such as commenting on other constitutional/ statutory bodies or persons should be brought under judicial standards. This indicates that there are certain standards already existing. Hence, (A) can be inferred from the passage.Choice (B) contradicts the information given in the passage.The first sentence in the passage states that the number of instances is increasing. This statement does not mention whether it is a good sign or not. The latter statement wants this behaviour to be brought under judicial statements. From this it is clear that the assumption involved is that such behaviour is not desirable. Hence, (C) is the assumption implicit in the passage.The passage is referring to passing particular kind of comments but it is not against every kind of comment. Hence, (D) cannot be concluded.Choice (A) is the inference.


Question 26. Studies last year concluded coffee drinking had little, if any, effect on the risk of pancreatic or kidney cancer. A study of 59,000 women in Sweden found no link between caffeine and kidney cancer. Another review suggested that those who drink coffee have half the risk of pancreatic cancer.Which of the following statements, if true, would weaken the conclusion drawn above?
  1.    The study is done in cold countries only, countries in arid and semi-arid regions are not considered under this study.
  2.    Indians drink more coffee than the Swedish do.
  3.    The caffeine content is different in different varieties of coffee.
  4.    Intake of 15 ml to 30 mi of milk per day offsets the negative effects of caffeine. The study did not consider the milk intake.
  5.    None of these
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option D. -> Intake of 15 ml to 30 mi of milk per day offsets the negative effects of caffeine. The study did not consider the milk intake.


The statement does not indicate, whether the results would be different in the samples and from arid and semi-arid region. Hence, (a) does not weaken the argument. It is not known whether any samples taken for study include Indians nor does the passage give information regarding the vulnerability of Indians to cancer. Hence, (b) does not weaken the argument. From the passage it cannot be known whether the persons considered for this study drank similar type of coffee or different types coffee. Hence, (c) does not weaken the argument. The passage states that coffee does not after a person's vulnerability to cancer. While the statement says that milk offsets the negative effects of coffee. It also states that these studies did not consider this fact. It is possible that the negative effect of coffee is not evident because theses people consume milk. Choice (d) weakens the argument.


Question 27. The cause of corruption in medical education is shortage of seats, and fewer doctors than required for the population and even fewer specialists.
Which of the following can be inferred from the above?
  1.    Students pay bribes to the management of institutions to avail seats.
  2.    The criteria to select students to fill medical seats are flexible.
  3.    There is a set standard regarding the doctors to population ratio.
  4.    Most of the doctors are general physicians.
  5.    None of these
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option C. -> There is a set standard regarding the doctors to population ratio.


It is stated that fewer states is one of the reasons for corruption. From this we can understand that bribes are paid to get seats. But the statement does not give information as to whom the bribe is paid. Hence, (a) cannot be inferred. The reasons for people to be able to be involved in corruption is either the rules are flexible or the rules are being blatantly violated. Hence, (b) cannot be inferred. One of the reasons for corruption is fewer number of doctors than required. There is a set standard regarding the number of doctors required. Hence, (c) can be inferred. Fewer doctors are Specialists implies that rest are not specialists. This is relation of what is given in the statement. Choice (c) can be inferred.


Question 28. We, at Comfort Stationers, have always been striving to provide stationery items that would make your work more enjoyable and less strenuous. Our latest innovations are a smooth-flow pen and gradual-friction paper. A combination of these two reduces strain on your fingers and allows faster writing the causes lesser fatigue. Therefore, replacement of your pen and paper with our innovative products reduces cost of clerical jobs.Which of the following, if true, would weaken the conclusion drawn in the above argument?
  1.    Those who are already using the above new products report greater difficulty in transition from new products to regular ones than from the regular ones to the new ones.
  2.    The cost of manufacturing these new products is not more than the cost of manufacturing the regular ones and the new products last longer than the regular ones.
  3.    The number of offices using the new products is increasing month by month.
  4.    These products need to be purchased in huge lots and need to be stored in special conditions. The cost of procurement and strong is quite high.
  5.    It is found that children get adapted to the new products faster than grown ups.
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option D. -> These products need to be purchased in huge lots and need to be stored in special conditions. The cost of procurement and strong is quite high.


The passage talks about the advantages in writing by using the new kind of pen and paper and arrives at a conclusion about the cost of clerical job. We have to show that the new products do not lead to decrease in cost of clerical job.None of the choice (a), (c) and (e) has anything about the cost. Hence, none of them weakens the conclusion.Choice (b) states that the new products can be manufactured and they also last longer. This information strengthens the conclusion.According to choice (d) the procurement and storage costs are very high. This casts a doubt on the conclusion that the cost of clerical job can be decreased by using these new products. Hence, (d) weakens the conclusion.


Question 29. A study revealed that a major part of the accidents involving two wheelers takes place when they are being driven at speeds above 50 km.hr. It is also observed that the two wheelers are driven at this speed mostly on roads having scanty traffic.Which of the following can be concluded from the given paragraph?
  1.    Accidents do not take place because of heavy traffic.
  2.    It is not possible to drive two wheelers at speeds above 50 km/hr on the roads having heavy traffic.
  3.    Two wheelers drivers tend to become reckless while driving on roads having scanty traffic.
  4.    Most of the accidents involving two wheelers take place on roads having scanty traffic.
  5.    Accidents involving four wheelers also take place at speeds above 50 km/hr.
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option D. -> Most of the accidents involving two wheelers take place on roads having scanty traffic.


The given passage refers to a part of the total number of accidents. There is no information about how and when the rest of the accidents take place. Hence, neither choice (a) nor (e) can be concluded.The passage has no reference to the speeds at which vehicles are driven on roads having heavy traffic. Also the words "mostly on the roads having scanty traffic" does not rule not two wheelers being driven at 50 km/hr and above speeds on roads having heavy traffic. Hence, (b) cannot be concluded.Driving at speeds above 50 km/hr does not necessarily mean that the driver is reckless. Hence, (c) cannot be concluded.Since it is said that generally accidents involving two wheelers take place when they are driven at speeds above 50 km/hr and they are driven at the speed on roads having scanty traffic, it can be concluded that most of such accidents take place on roads having scanty traffic.Hence, (d) can be concluded.


Question 30. When the tourist boat capsized, the crime branch arrested the forest department's ticket collector, Prakashan, based on the allegation that he did not check the tickets properly. But could Prakashan, who works on daily wages be the real culprit? Which of the following is not what the passage is intended to indicate?
  1.    Prakashan may not be the real culprit.
  2.    Prakashan has not checked the tickets properly.
  3.    Prakashan may not be the main person behind the mishap.
  4.    The police have behaved irresponsibly.
  5.    None of these
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option C. -> Prakashan may not be the main person behind the mishap.


The passage raises the question, whether the Prakashan is the culprit or not. It indicates that the passage intends to say that Prakashan may not be the real culprit. Hence, (a) is not the answer. The statement clearly indicated about the short comings on the part of Prakashan. Hence, (b) is not the answer. The passage does not intend to say that Prakashan may be the main person. It is clear when he raises the question. Hence, (c) is the answer. The passage believes that Prakashan has a hand in the incident. The passage does not find fault with arresting Prakashan. It intends to say that there can be some other people also behind the mishap. Hence, (d) is not the answer.


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