Question
There are 12 boys and 8 girls in a tuition centre. If three of them scored first mark, then what is the probability that one of the three is a girl and the other two are boys?
Answer: Option C
Total number of students = 20
Let S be the sample space
Then, n(S) = number of ways of three scored first mark
$$\eqalign{
& {\text{n}}\left( {\text{S}} \right) = {}^{20}{C_3} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \frac{{20 \times 19 \times 18}}{{2 \times 3}} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = 20 \times 19 \times 3 \cr} $$
Let, E be the event of 1 girl and 2 boys
Therefore, n(E) = number of possible of 1 girl out of 8 and 2 boys out of 12
$$\eqalign{
& {\text{n}}\left( {\text{E}} \right) = {}^8{C_1} \times {}^{12}{C_2} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \frac{{8 \times 12 \times 11}}{{1 \times 2}} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = 8 \times 6 \times 11 \cr} $$
Now, the required probability
$$\eqalign{
& = \frac{{{\text{n}}\left( {\text{E}} \right)}}{{{\text{n}}\left( {\text{S}} \right)}} \cr
& = \frac{{8 \times 6 \times 11}}{{20 \times 19 \times 3}} \cr
& = \frac{{44}}{{95}} \cr} $$
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Total number of students = 20
Let S be the sample space
Then, n(S) = number of ways of three scored first mark
$$\eqalign{
& {\text{n}}\left( {\text{S}} \right) = {}^{20}{C_3} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \frac{{20 \times 19 \times 18}}{{2 \times 3}} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = 20 \times 19 \times 3 \cr} $$
Let, E be the event of 1 girl and 2 boys
Therefore, n(E) = number of possible of 1 girl out of 8 and 2 boys out of 12
$$\eqalign{
& {\text{n}}\left( {\text{E}} \right) = {}^8{C_1} \times {}^{12}{C_2} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \frac{{8 \times 12 \times 11}}{{1 \times 2}} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = 8 \times 6 \times 11 \cr} $$
Now, the required probability
$$\eqalign{
& = \frac{{{\text{n}}\left( {\text{E}} \right)}}{{{\text{n}}\left( {\text{S}} \right)}} \cr
& = \frac{{8 \times 6 \times 11}}{{20 \times 19 \times 3}} \cr
& = \frac{{44}}{{95}} \cr} $$
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