Statements : Some pastries are toffees. All toffees are chocolates. Conclusions

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Statements : Some pastries are toffees. All toffees are chocolates.
Conclusions :
I. Some chocolates are toffees.
II. Some toffees are not pastries.

Options:

A . Only conclusion I follows

B . Only conclusion II follows

C . Either I or II follows

D . Neither I nor II follows

E . Both I and II follow

Answer: Option A
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. Thus, it follows that 'Some pastries are chocolates', I is the converse of the second premise and so it holds. Since both the premises are affirmative, the conclusion cannot be negative. Thus, II does not follow.

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