The velocity factor for ordinary cut gears operating at velocities upto 12.5 m/s is equal to

The circumferential and longitudinal strains in a cylindrical boiler under internal steam pressure are `epsilon_c ` and `epsilon_l` respectively. The change in volume of the boiler cylinder per unit volume will be

When a shaft is subjected to combined twisting moment (T) and bending moment (M), then the equivalent twisting moment is equal to

Two closely coiled helical springs with stiffnesses k₁ and k₂ respectively are connected in series. The stiffness of an equivalent spring is given by

The dedendum circle diameter is equal to (where `phi` = Pressure angle)

A flanged pipe joint will be a leak-proof joint, if the circumferential pitch of the bolts is (where d = Diameter of bolt hole)

For maximum power, the velocity of the belt will be

If V₁ and V₂ are the velocities of water at inlet and outlet of the draft tube respectively, then the efficiency of a draft tube is

A plate with an elliptical hole in the centre, with semi-major axis (a) perpendicular to the direction of loading and semi-minor axis (b) along the direction of loading, is subjected to a pull P. The maximum stress induced at the edge of the hole is equal to (where `sigma` = Stress for a plate with no hole i.e. nominal stress)